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弦歌而行：浙江大学信息与电子工程学院60周年院史文集》",[822,842,843],{},"采访日期：2016年暑期",[822,845,846],{},"采访人：2013级电子科学与技术专业本科生 马涵之",[822,848,849,852],{},[826,850,851],{},"正文","：",[822,854,855,856,858],{},"得益于学院的对外交流项目，我和丁力等三位同学在2016年暑期来到美国密苏里科技大学进行科研交流。在学院老师的荐引下，我们三位同学有幸前往加州拜访",[826,857,828],{},"校友，并与其进行了长达三个小时的轻松交谈。段校友很热情，不把我们当外人，我们就海阔天空地随意提问，想办法多角度地了解段校友在大学期间的点滴往事和人生感悟。段校友对我们这些小师妹小师弟不设防，认真回答我们提出的问题，让人很是感动。采访之后，我们以“问和答\"的形式仔细地整理出了采访稿，以尽可能地反映当时的采访原貌，原汁原味地表现段校友的情怀和智慧。",[822,860,861],{},[826,862,863],{},"问：当初您为什么选择到浙大就读？",[822,865,866,869],{},[826,867,868],{},"大道","：我是江西人，浙大离江西比较近。当时高考是考前就填志愿的，我其实不知道填哪儿好，也不知道别人水平怎么样，自己考成什么样。那时刚刚恢复高考，1977年和1978 年我都考了，77年没考上，1978年就继续考，中间隔了半年。北大、清华在江西省招的专业我不喜欢，北大只招地球物理专业，清华招水利专业，这两个专业我都没有填。我看到浙大有无线电电子工程学系，好像很时髦，就报了，报的时候也没有报专业，专业是进去以后分的，电子物理技术听起来就挺神秘的，我就选这个专业了。",[822,871,872],{},[826,873,874],{},"问：你们上大学时有什么课？您特别喜欢哪门课？",[822,876,877,879],{},[826,878,868],{},"：课蛮多的。大一学基础课，有高等数学、普通物理、普通化学、政治、英语，还有体育课、金工实习等。大二开始就有一些专业性较强的课，比如电磁场、电子线路，还有复变函数、数理方程、概率论、数理统计等数学课程。大三后专业课较多，如微波电子学、真空。真空其实蛮高科技的，你要把一个东西抽成真空的，就要用到非常多的科技手段，比如把壁上的气泡给赶出来，就要用到非常多的原理。最简单的例子是灯泡，灯泡里面必须真空，要是里面有氧气的话，灯丝马上烧断了。再复杂一点，就是真空度高的问题，里面真空度高了，那外面压强就大了，抽成真空还是难的，这与我们的专业紧密相关，比如高能粒子加速器里面肯定要真空的，要是里面都是分子，粒子怎么穿得过去啊，所以必须抽空，剩下百分之几的空气，你不可能百分之百的抽光，总会有这样那样的东西在里面。半导体里面有很多这样的东西，线路板里面有很多都要搞真空的。这么多年了，详细的也记不太清了，粗略的、概念的内容还是清楚的。",[822,881,882],{},"谈不上有什么特别喜欢的课，但老师讲课讲得挺好的印象较深的是教复变函数和数理方程的老师，但这个老师后来被调到复旦大学了。这个专业不是我特别想搞的东西，所以后来也没有再考这方面的研究生。",[822,884,885],{},"每个人喜欢的东西不一样。研究生我是去中国人民大学读的，读的是经济学，后来从事的行业也都跟经济有关，当然，跟电子也有关系，做电子产品的研发和销售，比如我现在还做手机。我们的手机卖得蛮好，在国内所占的份额应该算是梃厉害的。但是我们不追求这个，这是一个自然的结果。我不关心别人的份额是多少，但是，我们的份额我是知道的。我们不公布具体的数据，因为我们不是上市公司，不强制我们公布。",[822,887,888],{},[826,889,890],{},"问：您对哪些老师印象最深刻？",[822,892,893,895,896,834,899,902,903,834,906,909],{},[826,894,868],{},"：当时给我们上专业课的老师现在不一定还在上课，大部分老师退休了。跟我比较熟悉的是黄恭宽老师，他肯定不给你们上课了，当然别的老师对学生也蛮好。黄老师给我的印象最深，因为黄老师教的东西对我成长有益，他不是简单地教课本内容，而是经常讲些道理。记得有一次做实验，需要用力拧，我想要拧得更紧一些，结果弹簧被拧出来了。",[826,897,898],{},"黄老师说做事要留有余地啊",[826,900,901],{},"说我最后为了一点好处就冒了这么大的风险","。因为装回去很难，需要费好大劲才装得回去，所以要留一点点余地，用劲到95％就可了，不用追求100%的好处，否则到最后你会失去更多。",[826,904,905],{},"不是所有的事情都要竭尽全力",[826,907,908],{},"最好都留一点余地","。",[822,911,912],{},"所有老师都是很好的，那个时候老师跟同学的关系挺紧密的。跟我们打交道比较多的是周建华老师，他那时候做我们的辅导员，现在已退休。他负责过紫金港新校区的建设，我跟他也比较熟，最近他身体不太好，我挺牵挂他！",[822,914,915],{},[826,916,917],{},"问：您是怎么安排学习的？您当时的兴趣爱好是什么？",[822,919,920,922],{},[826,921,868],{},"：我没有刻意安排学习，反正该上课就上课，该考试就考试。我平常交作业会比较晚，所以平时分比较低，但是到考试的时候较认真，会突击复习一段时间。那时学风好，不太会有人想作弊。",[822,924,925],{},"那个年代的大学生没有太多的兴趣，不像现在，玩的东西多，还有网络。那个时候只能下下围棋，打打桥牌。打桥牌是我在学校里学的，围棋自己本来就会一点，但是下得也不好。我下围棋也不是很花工夫，可能也就业余初段，顶多业余二段。那个时候能玩的东西确实不多，看个电视还要跑到主楼的大教室里，要走10多分钟，主要看个球类比赛，如男排、女排、男足。看男足最关心的是男足冲出亚洲，他们冲不出去啊，现在也很难冲出去。那个时候我们的活动和娱乐确实比较少。",[822,927,928],{},[826,929,930],{},"问：你们组织过什么活动？",[822,932,933,935],{},[826,934,868],{},"：我参加的比较少。我原来是1978级的，上了半年学，因为身体的原因就回家了，休学了一年，到了1979年复学。到新班级同学就不熟了，差半年感觉就差好多，虽然大家对我很好，我也喜欢新班级，但一直都觉得自己像个局外人一样，所以参加活动也不太多。毕业实习的时候，我去南京实习。从南京回浙大那一路，我是玩回来的，无锡啊，苏州啊，上海啊，感觉像是旅游过了。那个时候绝对算穷游了，我回学校的时候身上大概只剩一毛钱了。",[822,937,938],{},"那个时候一毛钱还能干点事，按当时物价，一个月的消费估计是七八块钱，10块钱左右就勉强能过了。20块钱的生活费绝对是很宽裕了，大家都没钱，当然也就不会出去玩了。",[822,940,941],{},[826,942,943],{},"问：那时大家比较关注什么？",[822,945,946,948],{},[826,947,868],{},"：不太记得了。关注考试？好像也不是那么关注，不到考试我都不着急。我有个毛病，上课有时会睡觉，所以成绩也就中等。我们班30个人，我成绩大概排在十七八名，既不在前10名，也不在后10名。比较幸运，考试成绩还可以，一到最后几个礼拜，只要我努努力，还是挺好的。我没挂过科(考试不及格)，只要努力就不应该挂科。如果我努努力，也能考90多分。",[822,950,951],{},"我记得学校、系里有足球比赛。我不知道现在还有没有比赛，当时是有的。当时我们班在系里还拿过冠军，,我还当过守门，也不太会，反正球来了就接呗。",[822,953,954],{},[826,955,956],{},"问：如何给自己设定人生目标？你在大学时的人生感悟是什么？",[822,958,959,961],{},[826,960,868],{},"：我们上大学的时候，头两年可能认为上大学就是人生的终极目标，上了大学就是天之骄子了，所以进了学校好像突然就一下子茫然了，忙半天也不知道自己在忙啥，发现学的东西也不太感兴趣，觉得不好玩也不开心。",[822,963,964,965,834,968,971,972,834,975,834,978,834,981,909,984,834,987,834,990,909],{},"大概到了大三，",[826,966,967],{},"有一天我突然悟到",[826,969,970],{},"乐趣是在过程中的","。因为我高考的经历比较特殊，我是往届生，在准备迎考的过程中一直很努力，有个目标在那里，就一直往前走，每天非常充实。等考上大学拿到录取通知书了，在我们那个小地方也算是高考状元了，过400分的人就我一个。听到有人在说：“啊！有个人考了400多分呢。” 我心里很得意啊。到了学校以后，突然发现失去了目标，就没有乐趣了。",[826,973,974],{},"后来悟到",[826,976,977],{},"人生的乐趣就是在过程当中",[826,979,980],{},"需要自己不断地设定目标",[826,982,983],{},"而不只是达到某个目标",[826,985,986],{},"达到某个目标以后",[826,988,989],{},"就要设定新的目标",[826,991,992],{},"才会找到乐趣",[822,994,995],{},"为什么很多人喜欢玩游戏？游戏容易有目标，达到目标之后马上又有新的目标，所以有个过程。在现实生活当中，这样一个过程是很必要的，比如考硕士、博士，这都不是终极目标，但是这个过程你都可以享受。而且你达到这个目标以后，得马上再有下一个目标，当然需要是你自己喜欢的目标，如果你不喜欢就要避开。如果把考研作为终极目标的话就不合适了。",[822,997,998],{},"我自己有过这方面的体验。大学毕业的时候我要考研，在学校里复习了一个暑假，过得很辛苦、很不容易。报名的时候，教室里满墙贴着各个学校的招生简章、专业介绍（那个时候还没有电脑)，我在那里看了三天，一个一个地看，就没有任何一个专业是我想考的。",[822,1000,1001,834,1004,834,1007,834,1010,834,1013,909,1016,834,1019,834,1022,909],{},[826,1002,1003],{},"可能是我想得比较长远：专业与职业相连",[826,1005,1006],{},"不能是某个专业考上就行了",[826,1008,1009],{},"如果这个东西不是以后想干的东西",[826,1011,1012],{},"那考进去之后该怎么办？所以呢",[826,1014,1015],{},"三天以后我就放弃考研了",[826,1017,1018],{},"很多人就奇怪：怎么复习了这么久",[826,1020,1021],{},"复习得这么辛苦",[826,1023,1024],{},"你咋又不考了？是因为我没有想考的专业啊",[822,1026,1027,1028,834,1031,1034],{},"毕业的时候，很多人问我将来的打算是什么，我说：“如果你们哪天听见我又考研究生了，你也就不用问我混得怎样了，肯定是混得不好，表明我不喜欢所处的环境，所以只能选择继续考研。”后来我确实考研了。因为，我毕业被分配到北京后，不满意所在的工作环境，就考了人大的研究生，彻底换了个方向和行业，我不搞技术了。我不是说搞技术有什么不好，",[826,1029,1030],{},"只是每个人喜欢的东西确实不一样",[826,1032,1033],{},"我觉得技术激发不了自己的兴趣","。这算是我在人生过程中学到的一个东西：乐趣是在过程当中的。",[822,1036,1037,1038,1040,1042,1044],{},"还有一个感悟我觉得蛮重要的。大三的时候，也不知道是我在哪看到，还是谁说的一句话，叫作“",[831,1039,23],{"href":833},[826,1041,834],{},[831,1043,28],{"href":837},"”。",[822,1046,1047,834,1050,834,1053,909,1058,834,1061,834,1064,909,1067,834,1076,834,1079,834,1082,909,1085,834,1088,909,1091,834,1096,909,1102,909],{},[826,1048,1049],{},"人总是会犯错的",[826,1051,1052],{},"但很多人不知道什么是对的事情",[826,1054,1055,1056],{},"什么是",[831,1057,28],{"href":837},[826,1059,1060],{},"你要坚持什么？错的事情一定不能坚持",[826,1062,1063],{},"必须改；对的事情",[826,1065,1066],{},"要坚持",[826,1068,1069,1070,1072,1073,1075],{},"坚持的意思就是你在",[831,1071,23],{"href":833},",在",[831,1074,28],{"href":837},"的过程当中",[826,1077,1078],{},"你会犯很多错误",[826,1080,1081],{},"会吃很多亏",[826,1083,1084],{},"这也是一个学习的过程",[826,1086,1087],{},"然后呢",[826,1089,1090],{},"你要去坚持",[826,1092,1093,1094],{},"因为如果想要",[831,1095,23],{"href":833},[826,1097,1098,1099,1101],{},"你就要接受在",[831,1100,23],{"href":833},"的过程中有可能会犯错误",[826,1103,1104],{},"这个感悟对我一生影响非常大",[822,1106,1107],{},"我曾受浙大校方邀请，为毕业生做过毕业典礼演讲，当时是在大操场上，学生乱哄哄的，给我印象特别不好，但我还是说了三点：",[822,1109,1110,834,1115],{},[826,1111,1112,1113],{},"第一点就是",[831,1114,23],{"href":833},[826,1116,1117,1119],{},[831,1118,28],{"href":837},"；",[822,1121,1122,834,1125],{},[826,1123,1124],{},"第二点是“胸无大志”",[826,1126,1127],{},"就是你要踏踏实实去做你喜欢的事情；",[822,1129,1130,834,1137,1143],{},[826,1131,1132,1133,1136],{},"还有一点是要做",[831,1134,217],{"href":1135},"\u002Fzhengzhi","的人",[826,1138,1139,1140,1142],{},"做",[831,1141,217],{"href":1135},"的人就是心里头比较坦荡","。整天耍小聪明，其实是很难受的。（你们这些还没有毕业的，可能是感受不到）。",[822,1145,1146,834,1149,834,1152,834,1155,834,1158,834,1161,834,1164,834,1167,834,1170,834,1173,909,1176,834,1179,909,1182,909,1185,834,1188,834,1191,834,1194,834,1197,834,1200,834,1203,909,1208,834,1211,834,1214,909],{},[826,1147,1148],{},"很多人一辈子自认为很聪明",[826,1150,1151],{},"不说一辈子了",[826,1153,1154],{},"就说半辈子吧",[826,1156,1157],{},"几十年来一直在挣扎",[826,1159,1160],{},"做每一个选择的时候看的都是眼前的利益",[826,1162,1163],{},"所以一直在来来回回兜圈子",[826,1165,1166],{},"没有长远的考虑",[826,1168,1169],{},"没有对错",[826,1171,1172],{},"没有是非",[826,1174,1175],{},"只有利益",[826,1177,1178],{},"几十年后",[826,1180,1181],{},"你会看见眼光差异带来的人的差异是非常巨大的",[826,1183,1184],{},"做企业也是一样",[826,1186,1187],{},"我觉得做任何事情",[826,1189,1190],{},"不管做哪个行业",[826,1192,1193],{},"当教授也好",[826,1195,1196],{},"做研究也好",[826,1198,1199],{},"搞技术也好",[826,1201,1202],{},"都是要看得很远",[826,1204,1205,1206],{},"要选择",[831,1207,23],{"href":833},[826,1209,1210],{},"如果是错的事情",[826,1212,1213],{},"要尽早发现",[826,1215,1216],{},"尽早结束",[822,1218,1219,1220,834,1223,909,1226,834,1229,834,1232,909],{},"这是我在大学里面得到的一个很重要的体会。不是每个人都知道这个道理的。",[826,1221,1222],{},"很多人知道要坚持",[826,1224,1225],{},"坚持啥他就不知道了",[826,1227,1228],{},"要坚持就要容忍错误",[826,1230,1231],{},"什么样的错误可以容忍？做错的事情",[826,1233,1234],{},"它必然会带来错误的结果",[822,1236,1237,834,1240,909,1243,834,1246,834,1249,834,1252,834,1255,834,1258,909,1261,909,1264,834,1267,909,1270,834,1273,834,1276,834,1279,834,1282,834,1285,909],{},[826,1238,1239],{},"比方说企业",[826,1241,1242],{},"坑蒙拐骗是绝对不能做的事情",[826,1244,1245],{},"你想想",[826,1247,1248],{},"一个企业如果把能赚到钱作为终极目标",[826,1250,1251],{},"就会认为蒙钱也是行的",[826,1253,1254],{},"所以也就没有是非了",[826,1256,1257],{},"然而蒙着蒙着",[826,1259,1260],{},"最后就垮了",[826,1262,1263],{},"很多企业垮了都不知道是什么原因垮的",[826,1265,1266],{},"这样做企业有点像小偷",[826,1268,1269],{},"被抓到了只会觉得偷技不够好",[826,1271,1272],{},"如果这样想",[826,1274,1275],{},"那下回偷的时候会更精",[826,1277,1278],{},"会偷得更大",[826,1280,1281],{},"被抓起来后也会判罪更重",[826,1283,1284],{},"这不就是永远总结不出错误的原因来了吗？如果终于总结出来偷东西不对,哪怕偷技再高也从此不偷了",[826,1286,1287],{},"才表明悟对了",[822,1289,1290],{},"那些偷技很高的人肯定是很聪明的，如果把聪明用到做正道的事情上，30年以后肯定也很厉害，所以这是一个很大的道理，这种大道理愿意听的人很少。",[822,1292,1293,1294,1297,1298,909,1301,1304],{},"当然了，有成就的人本来就比较少。但是，总会有人去想这个东西，总会有人想得很长远。",[826,1295,1296],{},"我们做的每一件事情都跟我们20年以后","、",[826,1299,1300],{},"30年以后有关联",[826,1302,1303],{},"想得长远些肯定会不一样啊","。比方说你喜欢教书，那你肯定会成为一个很好的老师，因为你喜欢，你享受，那么你就会想尽各种各样的方法让学生明白你教的东西，想办法让学生将来有用处，而不是让他们只是考好试，出了学校就不管了，如果只是这样，将来学生也不会感激你。",[822,1306,1307,834,1310,834,1313,834,1316,834,1319,909,1322,834,1325,1297,1328,1297,1331,1297,1334,834,1337,834,1340,1297,1343,909],{},[826,1308,1309],{},"大学那么多年",[826,1311,1312],{},"我记得最深的是黄恭宽老师跟我讲的那句话：“任何一个人",[826,1314,1315],{},"他最后选择职业的时候",[826,1317,1318],{},"如果想得很长远的话",[826,1320,1321],{},"他就会有所差异",[826,1323,1324],{},"”这个很大的差异你不知道在哪一刻会对你有所决定",[826,1326,1327],{},"包括在选专业的时候",[826,1329,1330],{},"在选学校的时候",[826,1332,1333],{},"在选工作的时候",[826,1335,1336],{},"在选工作地点的时候",[826,1338,1339],{},"当然也包括在选择男女朋友的时候",[826,1341,1342],{},"就得想这个人能不能长久地相处",[826,1344,1345],{},"能不能够结婚",[822,1347,1348],{},[826,1349,1350],{},"问：在读书时有没有感到特别遗憾的事？",[822,1352,1353,1355],{},[826,1354,868],{},"：没什么特别遗憾的事。那时候条件比较差一点，电脑刚出现还没普及。我们上大学的时候还没有PC，学的还是大型计算机。我们学的语言是FORTRAN，我先学的是BASIC，BASIC我觉得很好学，因为它是直白的东西，后来又学了FORTRAN，学的是一头雾水，又没有练习，计算机就上过一堂课，可能也就45分钟，还没搞明白怎么回事就下课了，下课后没法碰到计算机，所以我对计算机一直都很陌生。这对那个时候的我们也谈不上是遗憾，因为人总是处在某个年代。再过30年，你们会发现原来学过的东西又不行了，也不用30年，按照现在这个知识更新的速度，5年就够了。",[822,1357,1358,834,1361,834,1364,834,1367,834,1370,909,1373,834,1376,834,1381,834,1385,834,1388,834,1391,909,1394,834,1397,909,1400,834,1403,909],{},[826,1359,1360],{},"所以",[826,1362,1363],{},"在学校里",[826,1365,1366],{},"最重要的不是你学到的知识",[826,1368,1369],{},"而是你掌握的学习方法和人生感悟",[826,1371,1372],{},"包括我刚才讲到的那些道理",[826,1374,1375],{},"比如",[826,1377,1378,1379],{},"你要",[831,1380,23],{"href":833},[826,1382,1383],{},[831,1384,28],{"href":837},[826,1386,1387],{},"这个比什么都重要",[826,1389,1390],{},"包括要享受整个过程",[826,1392,1393],{},"而不只是追求某个结果",[826,1395,1396],{},"结果当然重要",[826,1398,1399],{},"但是结果没有你想象的那么重要",[826,1401,1402],{},"关键是要找到自己享受的事情",[826,1404,1405],{},"这个对于学生来讲还是很重要的",[822,1407,1408,1409,1412,1413,834,1416,1419],{},"我当年一直在想：是天之骄子了，应该很开心，应该觉得自己很了不起，但怎么一点乐趣都没有呢？为什么还老觉得整天都闷闷不乐呢？也不知道整天在忙什么，也想不起来想要看的书，作业也经常晚交，但是我从来不抄作业。",[826,1410,1411],{},"我会对照我的思考过程和别人的思考过程","。那时教材比较糟糕，也没有标准答案，我们做了习题，都不知道对错。",[826,1414,1415],{},"思考过程给我带来了乐趣",[826,1417,1418],{},"还带给我让自己满意的成绩","。像量子物理，现在不记得具体知识点了，但是一些大逻辑的东西还是记得的，比如熵定律。当时有人说要发明永动机，我第一直觉就是绝对不信，因为一直转不可能啊，不符合熵定律的，要这样的话这个世界就乱了。",[822,1421,1422,834,1425,834,1428,834,1431,834,1434,909,1437,834,1440,834,1443,834,1446,909],{},[826,1423,1424],{},"我感兴趣的东西是非常少的",[826,1426,1427],{},"我做企业也好",[826,1429,1430],{},"做投资也好",[826,1432,1433],{},"做很多事情都有个特点",[826,1435,1436],{},"就是专注",[826,1438,1439],{},"专注可以排掉杂音",[826,1441,1442],{},"排掉杂音以后还有个很重要的前提就是信念",[826,1444,1445],{},"就是要相信一些东西",[826,1447,1448],{},"坚持走下去",[822,1450,1451,1452,834,1455,834,1458,834,1461,834,1464,834,1467,909],{},"在学校里建立起的这些东西对我这一辈子影响非常大。我所领悟到的道理不一定是跟老师学的，老师基本上就是教课，能教这些东西的较少。据说现在学生要想见老师有点难了，因为学校太大了，人也太多了。",[826,1453,1454],{},"当然了",[826,1456,1457],{},"在学校学习",[826,1459,1460],{},"最重要的还是在于你自己",[826,1462,1463],{},"在于跟同学交流",[826,1465,1466],{},"也在于跟老师的交流",[826,1468,1469],{},"以及与所有人的交往",[822,1471,1472],{},[826,1473,1474],{},"问：您为什么想到要捐款？",[822,1476,1477,1479],{},[826,1478,868],{},"：赚钱多的人要承担更多的社会责任，钱多了对自己的用处也不大。母校毕竟我待过，对它有感情，觉得给它比较放心。当年的浙大老师都还在，还有同学在，我觉得他们应该不会乱花。",[822,1481,1482],{},"总体来讲，我觉得他们还蛮好的，尤其是我们后来建的那个平安基金，运作得相当好。在信电系建这个基金我是挺赞同的，最早提出的是杨冬晓，他是我同学，当年也是我比较好的朋友。考研的时候，我们两个一块在学校复习，然后他考了我没考。他读书成绩是比较好的，在我们同班同学里他算最小的，我比他大三岁，他确实是读书比较钻研的人，也有可能是比较小，所以他也没有别的想法，反正就是爱上进、要读书，他也是比较腼腆的一个人。",[822,1484,1485],{},"（某同学们插话:“他现在上课是很生动的，还获得了永平奖教金，我们都喜欢上他的课。”）",[822,1487,1488,1490],{},[826,1489,868],{},"：已经生动了啊？那他进步了，真是祝贺他！我说的是那个时候，现在30多年过去了，人肯定是会改变的。他管的平安基金，我觉得特别有系统，每一分钱花在哪儿都有章可循，并且用得很得体，因为还要帮老师保密，谁用了这个钱是不好公开出来的，只能很有限的几个人知道。",[822,1492,1493],{},"杨冬晓首提平安基金，说有些老师年纪大退休了，虽然有国家医疗保险，但是要用比较好、比较贵的药，国家不一定会给报销，他们自己又负担不起，如果有这么一个基金可以帮他们就好了。我说那我们就搞一个吧，就搞了这么一个平安基金。当然平安基金还可包括其他一些开支，比如支持退休老师们搞活动。就是让这些老师，尤其是退休的老师开心一点。现在的退休老师很多都是我们当年的老师，以后的老师也都能享受这个基金的好处了。杨冬晓管得好的原因就是他管得比较细，很明确。有些钱出去了以后虽然我跟不到，搞不清楚，但我总体相信浙大。",[822,1495,1496],{},[826,1497,1498],{},"问：当时这个平安基金除了退休的老师，您还加了三分部的卢医生？",[822,1500,1501,1503],{},[826,1502,868],{},"：因为卢医生当年就是我们的医生。我们那个时候医务室有两个医生，我只记得卢医生。那个时候生个病，无依无靠的，离家又远，不像现在你还可以打个电话，那个时候打个电话可费劲了，一看医生态度好，“安慰”很大。我觉得卢医生对学生挺好的，卢医生应该也被加上。",[822,1505,1506],{},[826,1507,1508],{},"问：平安基金是您倡议的吗？",[822,1510,1511,1513],{},[826,1512,868],{},"：其实也不是我倡议的，我只是支持。我给平安基金许下了承诺，就是别人捐多少我就配多少，最后总共大概是60万美元或者是600万元人民币我不记得了。反正基金运行也不错，当时大家说过的话也都一直都在起作用。没有遇到过什么困难。",[822,1515,1516],{},[826,1517,1518],{},"问：您所在的班级捐赠很积极，是不是受到了您的影响？",[822,1520,1521,1523],{},[826,1522,868],{},"：没有人给我说过有这个效应，我也不知道我们班里捐了多少。我只知道我们班里面有些人捐款挺积极。我们公司系统的几个人，我有时也劝他们捐点，反正他们也有实力，所以就跟着一块捐了。陈明永也捐了，蒋晓兰、陈智勇也捐了。但是这个东西无所谓钱多钱少，哪怕象征性地捐一点。",[822,1525,1526],{},[826,1527,1528],{},"问：您认为，校友除了捐赠以外，还有什么能为母校母系做的事情？",[822,1530,1531,1533,1534,834,1537,1297,1540,909,1543,834,1546,834,1549,1552,1553,834,1556,909],{},[826,1532,868],{},"：每个人的情况都不一样，要看每个人的具体情况了。但是我认为这不是一个必要的东西，只要认为与母校有联系、有必要，就做。学生毕业离开学校后，其实和学校就没有太大的关系了。",[826,1535,1536],{},"与母校的感情产生关系的",[826,1538,1539],{},"是那些人",[826,1541,1542],{},"那些地方",[826,1544,1545],{},"如果回去都找不到原来能够联系的东西",[826,1547,1548],{},"原来的东西都不在了",[826,1550,1551],{},"我们就无法产生什么感情","。我现在回去还能见到杨冬晓。杨冬晓和我讲的时候，我就会很认真地听，因为有关联的东西在里头。",[826,1554,1555],{},"所以一个人能为母校母系做啥",[826,1557,1558],{},"完全取决于这些东西",[822,1560,1561,1562,834,1565,834,1568,909],{},"我们之间的师生关系还是蛮好的。周建华老师在我们毕业以后还来看过我们，不是因为你有钱了他来看你。那时候大家还是穷学生，他来北京出差，就把同学叫过来见见面，这不就是联络感情了嘛。这东西并不是谁欠谁的，他也不欠我，我也不欠他。给你举个例子吧，有一次北方某个校友会的人找到我，希望我能给他们捐钱。我说你知道我是谁吗？当然那时候公司已经蛮有名了。我问他：你除了知道我有钱以外，你还知道啥？他啥都不知道。他不知道我哪个系毕业的，也不知道我学什么，他只知道我有钱。",[826,1563,1564],{},"所以能为母校母系做什么",[826,1566,1567],{},"取决于和母校母系的联系",[826,1569,1570],{},"纯粹属于感情和缘分的东西",[822,1572,1573],{},[826,1574,1575],{},"问：您对大学生创业有什么看法？",[822,1577,1578,1580,1581,834,1584,1587],{},[826,1579,868],{},"：我从来没鼓励过在读大学生创业，甚至不鼓励创业。为什么呢，因为你需要创业的时候，你必然会去创，这是一个水到渠成的过程，不要为创业而去创。你说你有一个很好的想法，别人都很喜欢，所以你要把它变成一个企业，变成一个公司。",[826,1582,1583],{},"但是如果只是为了当一个老板而去创业",[826,1585,1586],{},"那多半都会很惨","。你可以往回看，大学生创业不是现在的事情了，好多年前就有。那时候创业的大学生现在能有几个好的？我不反对大学期间去做一些生意，建立一些创业观念，但是不能把这个作为一个目标。",[822,1589,1590,834,1593,909,1596,834,1599,834,1602,909,1605,834,1608,909,1611,834,1614,909],{},[826,1591,1592],{},"苹果公司的CEO Tim Cook在某所高校做了一个毕业典礼的演讲",[826,1594,1595],{},"就是说你要找到自己的北斗星",[826,1597,1598],{},"你要知道什么是对的事情",[826,1600,1601],{},"然后你要一直朝那个方向走",[826,1603,1604],{},"那么几十年之后会有好的结果",[826,1606,1607],{},"这个东西不一定要毕业的时候想",[826,1609,1610],{},"上学的时候就可以去想了",[826,1612,1613],{},"只要心里真有想法",[826,1615,1616],{},"暂时失利或者错一步两步也是没关系的",[822,1618,1619,834,1622,834,1625,909,1628,909,1631,834,1634,834,1637,909,1640,834,1645,909],{},[826,1620,1621],{},"《功夫熊猫》你们一定都看过",[826,1623,1624],{},"第二部说的就是你不一定会有一个好的开始",[826,1626,1627],{},"但是决定未来的不是你的开始",[826,1629,1630],{},"我对这句话蛮有感触的",[826,1632,1633],{},"创业这个东西呢",[826,1635,1636],{},"该创的时候就去创",[826,1638,1639],{},"不要以为只要是大学生就该去创业",[826,1641,1642,1643],{},"我们需要",[831,1644,23],{"href":833},[826,1646,1647],{},[831,1648,28],{"href":837},[822,1650,1651,1653],{},[831,1652,28],{"href":837},"需要许多技能，但技能这个东西呢，学校里并不全教你，只是教你一部分，比方说学习方法。然后你得有好的成绩，到社会上别人看你成绩不错，就会放心让你去做某件事情，即使你不会，只要你去做了，能力就提高了。所以在学校里学习成绩不能太糟糕，人家一看成绩这么糟糕，第一印象就是这个人一定没有纪律性。如果你的成绩还可以，又有一个特长，比方说围棋下得特别好，乒乓球打得特别好，那么人家就会觉得这个人还是有毅力的，虽然成绩中等，但还是有两下子的。如果你是一个肯学习又会学习的人，那么三五年之后就厉害了。如果你啥都不行，人家怎么会用你？不用你你不就永远都没有机会了吗？端盘子还需要有水平呢，一般人端两下可能就倒了，能端得那么平衡就很不容易。当然,不能被专长所束缚。比如说，喜欢弹钢琴，不是说弹不到朗朗的水平就不好了，只要是想弹，很享受弹琴的过程就好了。如果你不是很享受，又想通过弹钢琴赚钱。那么日子会过得不容易。",[822,1655,1656,1657,1660,1661,1664],{},"沃伦·",[826,1658,1659],{},"巴菲特","的一家子公司，每年开股东大会的时候，第二天他会邀请一帮人和他一起吃顿饭。我记得有一回和我同一桌的有一女的，大概四五十岁的样子。我想被老巴叫过去的人，总是有点特长的。我就问她常来吗，她说她第一次来，是个瑜伽老师，她就喜欢瑜伽。我问她为什么来，她说她父亲是老巴最早的股东，现在她父亲过世了，那么她就来了。她继承了她父亲的遗产，但是她依然还是瑜伽老师。一个瑜伽老师也没多少收入，但她就非常享受。能和老巴吃饭的人，身价都不菲，如",[826,1662,1663],{},"比尔·盖茨","、芝加哥大学的校长等。",[822,1666,1667],{},"我不是说教钢琴不好，但是如果沉溺于某个技能的话就不好了，这也是我以前在想的。我绝对不能去当一个出租车司机，这样会整天开车，没时间去想别的事情。我也不做餐厅,因为餐厅要买菜啊，要这个要那个，当然能做成麦当劳那样也很好。",[822,1669,1670,834,1673,834,1676,834,1679,909,1682,834,1685,834,1688,909],{},[826,1671,1672],{},"所以你需要有一个“不为清单”",[826,1674,1675],{},"你应该早早地列一个这样的清单",[826,1677,1678],{},"碰到所列的事情就要把它排除掉",[826,1680,1681],{},"这样你才能聚焦在你想做的事情上",[826,1683,1684],{},"做喜欢的事呢",[826,1686,1687],{},"你就会很享受",[826,1689,1690],{},"就会很努力",[822,1692,1693,1694,834,1697,834,1700,1703,1704,834,1707,834,1710,909],{},"在我们那个年代，没有太多的选择，既然到了那个地方，那你就喜欢你做的事情吧，不然不就是和自己过不去吗？这会有两种结果：",[826,1695,1696],{},"一种是你确实发现自己很喜欢",[826,1698,1699],{},"那你就享受它了；另一种是你发现你确实不喜欢",[826,1701,1702],{},"那么你就需要做出改变","。我看有的人做不喜欢的事情，但一干就是二三十年，我觉得这些人属于想不开的那种，属于害怕改变的那种。我可以举个简单的例子，当年我刚去广东工作的时候，那时候有个公司叫星河音响，现在那个公司在不在我不知道了。那一个小的民营企业，那一年招了50个研究生，100个本科生，一个小企业哪能容得下那么多人。我在那里待了几个月就跑了，我觉得这是我不应该继续做的事情了，我需要做出改变。",[826,1705,1706],{},"我不知道接下来能不能找到自己喜欢做的事情",[826,1708,1709],{},"但我一定要先走",[826,1711,1712],{},"所以我就到了小霸王",[822,1714,1715,1716,1719,1720,1722,1723,1726],{},"那时候大家天天见面，天天一起打游戏。有个同事从澳门买了一台",[826,1717,1718],{},"任天堂","的游戏机借给我们玩了几天。我对",[826,1721,1718],{},"游戏是有感情的。我一玩游戏状态就好，所以我真正起家是从游戏开始的。有意思的是，这家公司大家都想离开（指星河），我走了两年以后，",[826,1724,1725],{},"小霸王","都全国闻名了，然后我回去过一趟，发现当年说要走的人并没真的走。我说你们这些人脑子坏了吗，两年前都说要走了怎么到现在还没走？他们说没有找到合适的地方。",[822,1728,1729,834,1732,909,1735,834,1738,909,1741,909,1744,834,1747,909],{},[826,1730,1731],{},"所以错的事情要尽快停止",[826,1733,1734],{},"停止了不管要付出多大的代价都是最小的代价",[826,1736,1737],{},"一发现这是不对的事情",[826,1739,1740],{},"你就要马上停手",[826,1742,1743],{},"我觉得很多人做不到这点",[826,1745,1746],{},"大多数人做不到",[826,1748,1749],{},"但是做到的人往往就会做得不错",[822,1751,1752],{},[826,1753,1754],{},"问：如果一件事情谈不上喜欢，也谈不上厌恶，那还要坚持下去吗？",[822,1756,1757,1759,1760,834,1763,834,1766,909,1769,834,1772,909],{},[826,1758,868],{},"：这完全取决于你自己。说要去找喜欢的事情可一辈子都找不到，那可能就是你的问题了，因为这说明没有什么事情是你能坚持下来的。不管你做喜欢的事情也好，不喜欢的事情也好，中间都会有很多很多的困难。",[826,1761,1762],{},"为什么做喜欢的事情能做好呢？因为你能扛过去",[826,1764,1765],{},"但是对于不喜欢的事情",[826,1767,1768],{},"可能就放弃了",[826,1770,1771],{},"如果所有的事情都选择放弃",[826,1773,1774],{},"那就是你的问题了",[822,1776,1777,834,1780,909,1783,834,1786,1789],{},[826,1778,1779],{},"找不到喜欢的事情很悲哀",[826,1781,1782],{},"实际上大部分人都是这样",[826,1784,1785],{},"如果你碰到这种情况",[826,1787,1788],{},"也不要责怪自己","。但是有些人能找到，比如说你很享受家庭生活，那就找一份不太忙的工作，每天回家带带孩子，做做家务。",[822,1791,1792,834,1795,834,1798,909,1801,834,1804,834,1807,834,1810,909,1813,834,1816,834,1819,834,1822,909],{},[826,1793,1794],{},"所谓成功",[826,1796,1797],{},"不是说要多有钱",[826,1799,1800],{},"要有多少人围着你采访",[826,1802,1803],{},"我已经很久没接受媒体采访了",[826,1805,1806],{},"你现在媒体上看到关于我的东西很多都是别人编的",[826,1808,1809],{},"这些材料千篇一律",[826,1811,1812],{},"都是10多年前的旧材料",[826,1814,1815],{},"这两年我们公司的手机起来了",[826,1817,1818],{},"所以关于我的报道可能会多一些",[826,1820,1821],{},"但那些都是东抄西抄的",[826,1823,1824],{},"都跟我没关系",[822,1826,1827],{},[826,1828,1829],{},"问：不懂不碰？在生活中也是这样吗？",[822,1831,1832,1834,1835,834,1838,834,1841,1844,1845,1848,1849,1847,1852,834,1855,834,1858,834,1861,834,1864,1867,1868,1871,1872,1874],{},[826,1833,868],{},"：生活这个东西，关键看你享受什么。",[826,1836,1837],{},"不懂的东西你可以去尝试",[826,1839,1840],{},"但不能拿生命去尝试",[826,1842,1843],{},"投资也是一样","。比方说滑雪，如果你不会滑雪，跑到最高的地方扎下去，撞树了怪谁？如果你喜欢，得一点点来，一点点提高，得要清楚风险在哪儿，乐趣在哪儿。有人说他一生做了很多冒险的事情，比方说把钱都投给了",[826,1846,1847],{},"苹果","。我说冒险的事情不应该做。赌场里100万元一放，想要变成200万元，那下一把就没了。",[826,1850,1851],{},"我投",[826,1853,1854],{},"是因为我了解",[826,1856,1857],{},"我知道他强在哪里",[826,1859,1860],{},"知道它3年",[826,1862,1863],{},"5年",[826,1865,1866],{},"20年之后还是强在哪里","。我也了解",[826,1869,1870],{},"谷歌","，所以我有点",[826,1873,1870],{},"的股票很正常。",[822,1876,1877],{},[826,1878,1879],{},"问：我有好多人生观的道理不能完全想通，就很纠结，能否帮我理一下思路？",[822,1881,1882,1884,1885,834,1890,834,1895,909,1898,834,1901,909],{},[826,1883,868],{},"：这是一个年龄过程。",[826,1886,1887,1888],{},"我看到这个“",[831,1889,23],{"href":833},[826,1891,1892,1894],{},[831,1893,28],{"href":837},"”的道理是在大三的时候",[826,1896,1897],{},"但是我真的搞明白或许是20年之后",[826,1899,1900],{},"就算你被我点醒了",[826,1902,1903],{},"你可能得花个5年或10年时间去理解",[822,1905,1906,1907,1909,1910,1912,1913,1915,1916,1918,1919,1921],{},"我跟别人讲投资的时候，告诉他们买公司股票要看公司的未来。如果现在问我股票哪只好，那我干脆把我口袋里的钱给你算了。",[826,1908,1718],{},"这个公司当时市值比",[826,1911,596],{},"还低，但我觉得这个公司以后能挣钱，我就买了，甚至我都没认真看它的业绩。你看",[826,1914,1718],{},"有一次涨了一个多礼拜，你能理解吗？你不能理解。你会买吗？也不会买，因为你坐不住啊，明天涨了五块钱你就卖了。当初我买",[826,1917,596],{},"的时候，别人不明白我为什么要买",[826,1920,596],{},"。我自己是做游戏出身的，我知道它的市场有多大。当时买的时候一块多钱，现在200多元。当然我没拿那么久，我赚了大概一百三四十倍。",[822,1923,1924,1925,834,1928,909,1931,834,1934,834,1937,1940],{},"你如果不了解你买的东西，你不可能拿到一百倍，能拿到一倍就不错了。这个东西从哪儿学来？",[826,1926,1927],{},"首先学校不教这个东西",[826,1929,1930],{},"到了一定年龄你就会慢慢去感悟",[826,1932,1933],{},"有所为有所不为",[826,1935,1936],{},"这是道教几千年的东西了",[826,1938,1939],{},"就是聚焦啊","。现在提倡多元化，我们公司就蛮聚焦的，就算时间长了会有发散，大家说你又走偏了，你可以马上又回来。",[822,1942,1943,1297,1949,909,1954,834,1964,834,1969,834,1972,909,1975,834,1978,909],{},[826,1944,1945,1946],{},"我们提倡",[831,1947,12],{"href":1948},"\u002Fbenfen",[826,1950,1951],{},[831,1952,18],{"href":1953},"\u002Fpingchangxin",[826,1955,1956,1958,1959,1961,1962],{},[831,1957,12],{"href":1948},"就是要",[831,1960,23],{"href":833},"和",[831,1963,28],{"href":837},[826,1965,1966,1968],{},[831,1967,18],{"href":1953},"就是想我们当年为什么要做这个",[826,1970,1971],{},"我们有没有走偏？我们要问自己：到底在干什么？所以要一直想这是不是件对的事情",[826,1973,1974],{},"而不是去想是不是有利益的",[826,1976,1977],{},"对的事情就要做下去",[826,1979,1980],{},"不对的事情就要赶紧停下来",[822,1982,1983],{},[826,1984,1985],{},"问15：您对大学生有什么寄语？",[822,1987,1988,1990],{},[826,1989,868],{},"：就像我之前说的，找到你的北斗星，你们可以去找找Tim Cook的演讲，我忘了标题是什么。我自己给他起的标题是：找到你的北斗星。",[822,1992,1993,1994,1297,1997,834,2000,1297,2003,834,2006,834,2011,2014],{},"别人都问我有什么技能，我从来不讲技能，因为技能这个东西都是要自己学。比方说打高尔夫，我会告诉你打高尔夫的体会。",[826,1995,1996],{},"一杆打得远",[826,1998,1999],{},"打得近都没关系",[826,2001,2002],{},"一杆打得好",[826,2004,2005],{},"打得差也没关系",[826,2007,2008,2009],{},"要有",[831,2010,18],{"href":1953},[826,2012,2013],{},"一杆一杆地打","。很多人上一杆打糟了，下一杆就想打好一点、打远一点，想把它弥补回来。",[822,2016,2017],{},"有的人做生意不顺，想下一单夺回来，所以冒更大的风险，然后又砸了，很多人都是这样将企业做死的。",[822,2019,2020],{},"【本文完】",{"title":2022,"searchDepth":21,"depth":21,"links":2023},"",[],"寻长坡以滚雪球","md",{},true,"\u002Fdao\u002Fspeeches\u002Fduanyongping-2016nianzheda60zhounianzhuanfang",{"title":379,"description":381},"段永平2016年浙大专访：做对的事情｜段永平投资问答录","本页为本站保存的讲话、访谈或问答整理文本；保留正文署名，其他发言人的文字及媒体采访文字按各自署名归属。尚未核对可访问的原始发布页。","unverified",[],"dao\u002Fspeeches\u002Fduanyongping-2016nianzheda60zhounianzhuanfang","2026-10-10","Ur_KVsJapHfCPtslWzB0XMROgmw6nRCj4JzVpXHq-sA","dao",[2039,2040,2041,2042,2043,2044,2045,2046,2047,2048,2049,2050,2051,2052,2053,2054,2055,2056,2057,2058,2059,2060,2061,2062,2063,2064,2065,2066,2067,2068,2069,2070,2071,2072,2073,2074,2075,2076,2077,2078,2079,2080,2081,2082,2083,2084,2085],{"title":431,"slug":432,"type":435,"volume":436,"volumeOrder":16,"chapterOrder":16,"order":434},{"title":438,"slug":439,"type":435,"volume":436,"volumeOrder":16,"chapterOrder":21,"order":441},{"title":443,"slug":444,"type":435,"volume":436,"volumeOrder":16,"chapterOrder":26,"order":446},{"title":448,"slug":449,"type":435,"volume":436,"volumeOrder":16,"chapterOrder":31,"order":451},{"title":453,"slug":454,"type":435,"volume":436,"volumeOrder":16,"chapterOrder":36,"order":456},{"title":458,"slug":459,"type":435,"volume":436,"volumeOrder":16,"chapterOrder":41,"order":461},{"title":463,"slug":464,"type":435,"volume":467,"volumeOrder":21,"chapterOrder":16,"order":466},{"title":469,"slug":470,"type":435,"volume":467,"volumeOrder":21,"chapterOrder":21,"order":472},{"title":474,"slug":475,"type":435,"volume":467,"volumeOrder":21,"chapterOrder":26,"order":477},{"title":479,"slug":480,"type":435,"volume":467,"volumeOrder":21,"chapterOrder":31,"order":482},{"title":484,"slug":485,"type":435,"volume":467,"volumeOrder":21,"chapterOrder":36,"order":487},{"title":135,"slug":489,"type":435,"volume":467,"volumeOrder":21,"chapterOrder":41,"order":491},{"title":493,"slug":494,"type":435,"volume":497,"volumeOrder":26,"chapterOrder":16,"order":496},{"title":499,"slug":500,"type":435,"volume":497,"volumeOrder":26,"chapterOrder":21,"order":502},{"title":504,"slug":505,"type":435,"volume":497,"volumeOrder":26,"chapterOrder":26,"order":507},{"title":509,"slug":510,"type":435,"volume":497,"volumeOrder":26,"chapterOrder":31,"order":512},{"title":514,"slug":515,"type":435,"volume":497,"volumeOrder":26,"chapterOrder":36,"order":517},{"title":519,"slug":520,"type":435,"volume":497,"volumeOrder":26,"chapterOrder":41,"order":522},{"title":524,"slug":525,"type":435,"volume":497,"volumeOrder":26,"chapterOrder":51,"order":527},{"title":529,"slug":530,"type":435,"volume":533,"volumeOrder":31,"chapterOrder":16,"order":532},{"title":535,"slug":536,"type":435,"volume":533,"volumeOrder":31,"chapterOrder":21,"order":538},{"title":540,"slug":541,"type":435,"volume":533,"volumeOrder":31,"chapterOrder":26,"order":543},{"title":545,"slug":546,"type":435,"volume":533,"volumeOrder":31,"chapterOrder":31,"order":548},{"title":550,"slug":551,"type":435,"volume":533,"volumeOrder":31,"chapterOrder":36,"order":553},{"title":555,"slug":556,"type":435,"volume":533,"volumeOrder":31,"chapterOrder":41,"order":558},{"title":560,"slug":561,"type":435,"volume":564,"volumeOrder":36,"chapterOrder":16,"order":563},{"title":566,"slug":567,"type":435,"volume":564,"volumeOrder":36,"chapterOrder":21,"order":569},{"title":571,"slug":572,"type":435,"volume":564,"volumeOrder":36,"chapterOrder":26,"order":574},{"title":576,"slug":577,"type":435,"volume":564,"volumeOrder":36,"chapterOrder":31,"order":579},{"title":581,"slug":582,"type":435,"volume":564,"volumeOrder":36,"chapterOrder":36,"order":584},{"title":586,"slug":587,"type":435,"volume":564,"volumeOrder":36,"chapterOrder":41,"order":589},{"title":591,"slug":592,"type":435,"volume":564,"volumeOrder":36,"chapterOrder":51,"order":594},{"title":596,"slug":597,"type":435,"volume":564,"volumeOrder":36,"chapterOrder":56,"order":599},{"title":601,"slug":602,"type":435,"volume":564,"volumeOrder":36,"chapterOrder":62,"order":604},{"title":606,"slug":607,"type":435,"volume":564,"volumeOrder":36,"chapterOrder":68,"order":609},{"title":611,"slug":612,"type":435,"volume":615,"volumeOrder":41,"chapterOrder":16,"order":614},{"title":617,"slug":618,"type":435,"volume":615,"volumeOrder":41,"chapterOrder":21,"order":620},{"title":622,"slug":623,"type":435,"volume":615,"volumeOrder":41,"chapterOrder":26,"order":625},{"title":627,"slug":628,"type":435,"volume":615,"volumeOrder":41,"chapterOrder":31,"order":630},{"title":632,"slug":633,"type":435,"volume":615,"volumeOrder":41,"chapterO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