[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2115},["ShallowReactive",2],{"library-ba-fei-te-2015nian-kuo-da-suo-de-shui-di-mian-bi-ti-gao-zui-di-gong-zi-geng-hao":3,"library-sidebar-buffett":579,"library-sidebar-dao":1581,"library-sidebar-models":1883},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":565,"date":566,"description":567,"extension":568,"meta":569,"navigation":570,"order":571,"path":572,"seo":573,"seoDescription":567,"seoTitle":574,"slug":575,"stem":576,"__hash__":577,"_collection":578},"buffett\u002Fbuffett\u002Finterview\u002Fba-fei-te-2015nian-kuo-da-suo-de-shui-di-mian-bi-ti-gao-zui-di-gong-zi-geng-hao.md","巴菲特：2015年扩大所得税抵免比提高最低工资更好",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":560},"minimark",[9,13,18,22,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,54,57,60,63,66,69,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,101,104,107,110,113,116,119,122,125,128,131,134,137,140,143,146,149,152,155,158,161,164,167,170,173,176,179,182,185,188,191,194,197,200,203,206,209,212,215,218,221,224,227,230,233,236,239,242,245,248,251,254,257,260,263,266,269,272,275,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437,440,443,446,449,452,455,458,461,464,467,470,473,476,479,482,485,488,491,494,497,500,503,506,509,512,515,518,521,524,527,530,533,536,539,542,545,548,551,554,557],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"巴菲特2015年扩大所得税抵免比提高最低工资更好",[14,15,17],"h2",{"id":16},"巴菲特扩大所得税抵免比提高最低工资更好","巴菲特：扩大所得税抵免比提高最低工资更好",[19,20,21],"p",{},"2015 年5 月21 日 《华尔街日报》",[23,24,25],"blockquote",{},[19,26,27],{},"通过大规模的精心设计的扩大所得税抵免，去帮助那些需要帮助的美国人。",[19,29,30],{},"美国梦承诺，教育、努力工作和良好行为的结合可以让任何公民从卑微的起点走向至少合理的成功。对许多人来说，这一承诺已经实现。在福布斯400 强中大多数人的出身并不优越。",[19,32,33],{},"然而，近来，具有专业才能的人所获得的经济回报的增长速度，大大快于那些拥有较普通技能的同样体面的男女。1982 年，即福布斯400 强评选的第一年，上榜者的净资产总和为930 亿美元。如今，400 强拥有2.3 万亿美元，在30 多年的时间里增长了24 倍，而在此期间，家庭收入中位数仅增长了约1.8 倍。",[19,35,36],{},"与此同时，大量美国同胞却过着\"美国噩梦\"般的生活：表现良好，工作努力，却只能勉强糊口。1982 年，15%的美国人生活在贫困线以下；2013 年，这一比例几乎相同，为令人沮丧的14.5%。近几十年来，美国的经济发展并未使穷人的生活得到改善。",[19,38,39],{},"在这个令人沮丧的事实背后，没有任何阴谋：穷人之所以贫穷，绝对不是因为富人的富有。富人也不是不配成为富人。他们中的大多数人都为美国的福祉贡献了杰出的创新或管理专长。因为有了亨利福特、史蒂夫乔布斯、山姆沃尔顿等人，我们的生活才会好得多。",[19,41,42],{},"相反，这种差距的扩大，是先进市场经济的必然结果。回想一下200 年前的美国农业时代。那时，大多数人都能胜任大多数工作。在一个只有原始机械和牲畜可以帮助农民的世界里，农民中最有天赋的人和那些拥有普通技能的人之间的生产力差距并不大。当时的许多其他工作也几乎可以由任何愿意从事的工人来完成。诚然，有些劳动者会在智力或勤劳方面胜过其他人，但他们的劳动成果的市场价值与天赋较低的劳动者并无太大差别。",[19,44,45],{},"想象一幅叠加景象，将当时的工作要求跟美国早期劳动力的技能叠加在一起。这两个就业要素本可以很好地结合在一起。但今天并非如此。如果现在进行类似的叠加，大部分劳动力将无法找到有吸引力的工作。这种不匹配既不是市场体系的错，也不是弱势群体的错。它只是经济引擎不断需要更多高层级人才，同时减少对商品类工作需求的结果。",[19,47,48,49,53],{},"对于这种错配，通常提出的补救措施是教育。",[50,51,52],"strong",{},"事实上，人人都能享受一流的教育体系是非常重要的","。但是，即使拥有世界上最好的教育体系，在一个物质极大丰富的国家里，仍有相当一部分人的收入只能勉强维持生计。",[19,55,56],{},"要想知道为什么会这样，想象一下我们生活在一个以体力为基础的经济环境中。在这样的市场中，我将是一个失败者。你可以为我提供世界上最好的指导，我也可以无休止地努力提高自己的技能。但可惜的是，在橄榄球场或篮球场上，我甚至连最低工资都拿不到。残酷的事实是，一个先进的经济体系，无论是针对体力还是脑力，都会让很多人落后。",[19,58,59],{},"在我看来，国家的经济政策应该有两个主要目标。首先，在我们这个富裕的社会里，我们应该希望每一个愿意工作的人都能获得收入，从而过上体面的生活。其次，任何实现这一目标的计划都不应该扭曲我们的市场体系，而市场体系是实现增长和繁荣的关键因素。",[19,61,62],{},"**但面对任何大幅提高最低工资的计划，第二个目标都会崩溃。**我可能希望所有工作的时薪至少为15 美元。但这一最低工资标准几乎肯定会大幅减少就业，压垮许多仅掌握基本技能的工人。尽管小幅度的增长显然是受欢迎的，但仍将使许多勤劳的美国人陷入贫困。",[19,64,65],{},"更好的解决办法是，进行大规模精心设计的所得税抵免(EarnedIncomeTaxCredit，EITC)。符合条件的工人随着收入的增加，其所得税抵免额也随之减少。但这并不会产生抑制作用：工资的增加总会带来总收入的增加。",[19,67,68],{},"这个过程很简单：你报税，政府就会给你寄支票。",[19,70,71,74],{},[50,72,73],{},"从本质上说，EITC 是对工作的奖励，并激励工人提高技能。同样重要的是，它不会扭曲市场力量，从而使就业最大化","。现有的EITC 需要大力改进。欺诈是个大问题，应该加重处罚。应该广泛宣传工人可以获得免费、便捷的申报帮助。现在的规定是每年退税一次；按月分期退税会更合理，因为这样可以阻止人们在等待退税时贷款。应该增加退税金额，特别是对收入最低的人。",[19,76,77],{},"没有完美的制度，当然，有些人无法或不愿工作。但是，对于一个伟大而繁荣的国家来说，EITC 的目标是适当的，也是可以实现的，它让每个工作的人都能获得可维持生活的收入。让我们用\"美国承诺\"取代\"美国噩梦\"：美国将为任何愿意工作的人提供体面的生活。",[19,79,80],{},"沃伦巴菲特",[82,83],"hr",{},[19,85,86],{},"巴菲特：慈善承诺倡议2015",[19,88,89],{},"2015 年7 月17 日",[19,91,92],{},"查理罗斯与慈善家比尔盖茨、梅琳达盖茨以及沃伦巴菲特对话慈善捐赠。 \"慈善承诺\"倡议呼吁富豪们在生前承诺将至少50%的财富捐赠给慈善事业。",[19,94,95],{},[96,97,98],"a",{"href":98,"rel":99},"https:\u002F\u002Fcharlierose.com\u002Fvideos\u002F22114",[100],"nofollow",[19,102,103],{},"罗斯：15 年前的2000 年，比尔·盖茨和梅琳达·盖茨创立了比尔梅琳达盖茨基金会。9 年前的2006 年，沃",[19,105,106],{},"伦·巴菲特将自己的部分财富捐赠给了比尔梅琳达盖茨基金会。此后，盖茨基金会在应对饥饿、贫困、传染病和教育等全球性问题方面发挥了引领作用。2010 年，沃伦·巴菲特、比尔·盖茨和梅琳达·盖茨再度携手，发起了\"慈善承诺\"倡议。该倡议请求超级富豪们承诺在去世前将至少50%的财富捐赠给慈善事业。目前，这一倡议已吸引了来自 14 个国家的137 位捐赠者。上周，在爱达荷州的太阳谷，我与沃伦、比尔和梅琳达聊了聊他们的生活，以及\"慈善承诺\"倡议的诞生过程。",[19,108,109],{},"盖茨：这一倡议实际上源自沃伦的想法，他认为我们应该与其他认真对待慈善事业的人会面，向他们学习。",[19,111,112],{},"了解他们为什么投身慈善？又是如何思考慈善事业？在那些晚宴上，我们萌生了创建一个团体的想法，这对我们来说真的意义非凡。我们每年都会举办聚会，志同道合的人还会单独见面交流。我从中学了很多，一直期待着这些聚会。大家聚在一起不是为了互相推销，而是因为有太多的共同之处可供学习，有时人们最终还会展开合作。",[19,114,115],{},"罗斯：我们稍后再聊你都学到了什么。这个想法最初是怎么来的？你们当时是怎么考虑的呢？",[19,117,118],{},"巴菲特：我不太确定这个想法具体从何而来。就像比尔说的，我们参加了一场由大卫·洛克菲勒主持的晚宴，我觉得这个想法就是从那次晚宴逐渐演变而来的。当时大概有15 个人，我们围坐在桌旁，让每个人讲讲自己的捐赠理念是如何形成的，不是为了向任何人游说，只是分享各自的思考。大家谈到了自己的家庭、父母的影响，一圈下来至少花了两个小时。人们真的很乐意像同伴一样交流这些，分享的内容非常丰富。显然，我们在某些方面引起了大家的共鸣。后来我们三个人又进一步讨论，\"慈善承诺\"倡议就这样诞生了。",[19,120,121],{},"巴菲特：我不太确定这个想法具体从何而来。就像比尔说的，我们参加了一场由大卫·洛克菲勒主持的晚宴，我觉得这个想法就是从那次晚宴逐渐演变而来的。当时大概有15 个人(夫妻算两人)，我们围坐在桌旁，让每个人讲讲自己的捐赠理念是如何形成的，不是为了向任何人游说，只是分享各自的思考。大家谈到了自己的家庭、父母的影响，一圈下来至少花了两个小时。人们真的很乐意像同伴一样交流这些，分享的内容非常丰富。显然，我们在某些方面引起了大家的共鸣。后来我们三个人又进一步讨论，\"慈善承诺\"倡议就这样诞生了。",[19,123,124],{},"罗斯：我记得当时你跟我聊过这个。你说你很惊讶，人们之间有一种情感上的共鸣，因为他们在倾听他人的过程中发现，\"这正是我的感受\"。",[19,126,127],{},"巴菲特：是的，大家在谈论自己时都没有感到尴尬。我觉得我们或许有点幸运，尤其是在最初邀请的人方",[19,129,130],{},"面。第一对夫妻的坦诚程度，我认为在交流过程中很有感染力。没有人摆架子或做类似的事情，而在一个团体中，特别是当一些人彼此不太熟悉、只是认识的时候，可能会出现这种情况。但在那次晚宴上，每个人都非常坦诚地参与了讨论。他们有时会谈到自己的孩子，有时是失望的事情，有时是对孩子取得的成就感到欣慰。很明显，如果一群处境相似的人聚在一起，我们就能相互学习，或许还能收获很多其他的好处。所以，我觉得\"慈善承诺\"就是从那次晚宴逐渐发展起来的。",[19,132,133],{},"罗斯：梅琳达，这个倡议发展得怎么样了？",[19,135,136],{},"梅琳达：发展得非常迅速。现在我们有137 位承诺者，来自14 个国家。我觉得现在最棒的事情之一，就是每年我们聚在一起参加年度聚会时，第一天晚上坐下来吃晚餐，你会意识到身边都是朋友。这些年来我们结识的所有人，不仅我们在了解他们，他们也在相互认识。我想大家都很期待这个活动，因为在这里我们可以坦诚地交流，比如\"你是怎么教育孩子的？对下一代有什么期望？你如何看待领导者？如果你刚刚开始，要怎么创立一个基金会？\"等等，这些都是人们在小团体中私下里很想聊的话题，而我们的聚会提供了这样的机会。",[19,138,139],{},"巴菲特：在这里没有攀比或类似的情况。这些人中有些人在其他场合可能会这样，但在这里，大家都展现出了最好的一面。他们不是为了给别人留下深刻印象，而是真正对彼此的成功、失败、家庭情况等感兴趣。大家的坦诚程度真的令人印象深刻。",[19,141,142],{},"罗斯：现在这个倡议已经具有国际影响力了。对于那些不像美国人那么熟悉慈善事业的人，让他们参与进来困难吗？",[19,144,145],{},"盖茨：美国应该感到自豪的一点是，它在慈善事业方面处于领先地位，参与度极高，而且历史上很多有影响力的慈善案例，比如洛克菲勒基金会、卡内基基金会、福特基金会，都是美国的基金会。其他国家对慈善事业也很感兴趣，因为无论是资助大学、支持科研，还是尝试新的教育方式，慈善事业虽然在美国经济中占比不大，但一直是非常具有创新性的部分。人们在这里开展新的试点项目，进而对其他很多活动产生影响。我们的成员大多来自美国，在与美国民众的沟通方面，我们做得相对较好，但国际部分也在不断发展。我们希望看到全球范围内的慈善事业得到加强，希望人们能在更年轻的时候参与进来，加强合作，并且希望他们投入更多的资源。",[19,147,148],{},"罗斯：这是倡议的原则之一。试图让人们在生命早期就思考慈善，而不是等到生命尽头，因为那时人们更有能力做出决策。",[19,150,151],{},"梅琳达：没错。我认为，一旦人们决定做出承诺，即使他们承诺在生命结束时捐赠财富，但如果他们来参加聚会，就会开始相互学习，了解在自己感兴趣的领域可能实现的事情，比如\"你是怎么开始的？\"我们希望人们相互学习，并尽早行动起来。因为如果他们运用自己在商业领域积累的智慧，去解决他们所关注的不平等问题，将会产生巨大的影响。他们正在从彼此身上学到这些。",[19,153,154],{},"罗斯：你们是怎么向别人宣传这个倡议的呢？你给他们打电话时会说什么呢？",[19,156,157],{},"巴菲特：我通常会先给他们寄一些相关资料，因为可能有些人会对此存在误解。我会问他们是否收到了资",[19,159,160],{},"料，有没有什么问题。关键是要让他们参与讨论。虽然有些人不感兴趣，但感兴趣的人占比相当高。坦率地说，进展之顺利让我感到惊讶。要是在之前，我可能会说，到现在能有50 个人参与就不错了……而现在我们有137 人了。几个月前我在这里举办了一场晚宴，有个人起初对这个倡议存在误解，觉得有很多限制。但到了晚上结束时，这个人就准备加入了，而且打算捐赠99%的财富。",[19,162,163],{},"罗斯：具体的流程是什么样的呢？",[19,165,166],{},"巴菲特：流程很简单，他们写一封信，承诺在有生之年或去世时，将至少50%的财富捐赠给慈善事业，虽然很多人承诺的比例更高。我鼓励他们解释做出这个决定的原因，是受父母的影响，还是身边的榜样作用，以及为什么要这么做。我们收到了很多感人至深的信。我会告诉和我交流的人，这些信非常重要，因为10 年、20 年、50 年后，可能会有人像比尔、梅琳达或者我研读卡内基、洛克菲勒、罗森瓦尔德等人的事迹一样，读到这些信，你永远不知道哪一点会引起他们的共鸣。这就像律师辩护，你列举20 个理由证明你的当事人无罪，要是水平够高，可能一两个理由就够了！",[19,168,169],{},"罗斯：你得确保提到那些能引起人们共鸣的点。",[19,171,172],{},"巴菲特：你只需要找到一个能引起共鸣的点就行。",[19,174,175],{},"罗斯：都是你们三个亲自打电话邀请吗？我的意思是，在招募成员方面，你们三个都亲自参与，还是有一套系统的流程？",[19,177,178],{},"盖茨：最有效的方法是邀请人们参加一场关于慈善事业的晚宴。但这不是一场招募晚宴。我在各地出差时，总会看看日程安排，有没有时间举办这样的晚宴，甚至在国外也会这么做。晚宴人数一般在6 到15 人左右，要是超过15 人就有点多了。大家在晚宴上交流慈善相关的话题。之后，如果我感觉某人可能适合加入，就会后续寄去相关资料并打电话沟通。很多加入的人本来就打算把所有财富都捐赠出去，他们觉得加入这个团体能让他们更好地参与慈善，并且让慈善变得更有趣。我们喜欢慈善事业带来的影响力和多样性，同时也认为这是一件自愿的事情。它可以成为你做过的最有趣的事情之一，但招聘员工、选择具体的慈善项目，或者思考死亡以及孩子可能以何种方式参与其中，这些都是复杂的问题。即使是在商业上取得成功的人，也不一定能轻松应对这些问题。",[19,180,181],{},"梅琳达：有时他们需要和家人商量。他们会说：\"总体上我们是支持的，这些年也和孩子初步讨论过，但从来没有像这样做出承诺，所以给我们一些时间。\"然后他们会说：\"我们3 个月或4 个月后给你回电话。\"我们也确实会等他们的回复。有意思的是，他们有时会和你分享与孩子讨论的过程，因为他们为孩子的积极回应感到骄傲。",[19,183,184],{},"巴菲特：我知道有一个例子，孩子说服了原本不太愿意的父母参与进来。",[19,186,187],{},"罗斯：人们不愿意参与的原因有哪些呢？",[19,189,190],{},"巴菲特：就是不想捐钱。我给他们打电话时，有人会说：我其实打算把所有钱都带进棺材里。遇到这种情",[19,192,193],{},"况，我也没什么办法。我会告诉他们，在坟墓里钱可派不上用场。",[19,195,196],{},"罗斯：那那些说\"我想把钱留给家人，这是我的意愿\"的人呢？",[19,198,199],{},"巴菲特：这是他们的选择，是他们的个人决定。",[19,201,202],{},"梅琳达：确实是他们的个人决定。",[19,204,205],{},"盖茨：如果他们想把所有财富都留给家人，那他们不适合加入这个团体。尤其是当这些财富大多是继承而来的时候，这种行为就像是破坏一台机器(财富传承的良性循环)。他们为什么要打破这种传承呢？第一代创造的财富往往比继承来的财富更倾向于用于慈善。",[19,207,208],{},"罗斯：有意思的是，你们也有年轻的成员。",[19,210,211],{},"梅琳达：最小的只有31 岁。",[19,213,214],{},"巴菲特：这意义重大。20 年后，将会涌现出几十、几百个亿万富翁。他们中的很多人会以史蒂夫·乔布斯、马克·扎克伯格等人为榜样。",[19,216,217],{},"梅琳达：我特别期待马克·扎克伯格和普莉希拉·陈的表现。他们已经在慈善方面学习了很多。马克·扎克伯格和他的妻子普莉希拉·陈，他们看待事物的方式，以及如何共同开展慈善事业？我觉得他们会激励一大批人。",[19,219,220],{},"巴菲特：我们近期为已签署承诺的成员家庭中的年轻一代组织了一场活动。我知道有35 人会参加，可能还会更多。他们的生活态度，还有些人可能是祖父辈签署承诺后设立的信托基金的受益人。但我认为他们对未来慈善事业的影响将非常巨大。目前已经有一定影响了，而且未来几年这种影响会更大。",[19,222,223],{},"梅琳达：我们把这个群体称为\"下一代团体\"。他们会自行组织聚会。我记得他们的下一次会议在奥马哈举行。",[19,225,226],{},"罗斯：在这些活动中你们都有哪些收获呢？",[19,228,229],{},"盖茨：我们会安排人们上台，进行类似TED 演讲的分享，用6 分钟时间讲讲他们感兴趣的事情、进展顺利的项目或者遇到挫折的经历，这样大家就能从中学到东西。之后我们会进行分组讨论。比如探讨\"如何进行有助于慈善事业的投资？\"还有国际捐赠、科学研究、教育等主题。这次我们设置了四个分组讨论话题，大家最大的抱怨是只能选择其中一个，因为有好几个话题他们都很感兴趣。",[19,231,232],{},"罗斯：在我们进一步讨论基金会之前，我得说明一下，\"慈善承诺\"并没有法律约束力。只有道德和伦理层面的约束。仅此而已。你们俩创立基金会的时候，是怎么考虑的呢？",[19,234,235],{},"盖茨：我们甚至在结婚前就讨论过这个想法。结婚6 年后，我觉得自己能在这方面多投入一些时间了。就在那一年，我卸任了微软首席执行官一职。那年我们进行了一笔规模很大的捐赠，高达200 亿美元。这也促使我们加快行动。幸运的是，我父亲和一位曾在微软担任高管的优秀人士帕蒂·斯通西弗合作，共同创立了这个组织。尽管当时因为孩子和工作的原因，我们没办法像现在这样投入大量时间，但基金会还是顺利起步了。现在回头看，那是我们学习慈善事业的起点。我们在生殖健康领域开展了很多工作，也在这个过程中不断学习。后来我们想，\"好吧，我们也涉足一些科学研究领域。\"那时我们和政府的合作还不多，后来才意识到这非常重要。好在等我们俩有更多时间投入时，基金会已经有了一定基础。它有了核心团队，积累了一些专业知识，既犯过错误，也取得了一些成绩。到2008 年，我们俩越来越深入地参与其中时，已经有很多成果可以作为进一步发展的基石。",[19,237,238],{},"罗斯：你们创立基金会时遵循的原则是什么呢？",[19,240,241],{},"梅琳达：我们认为，世界上所有人的生命都具有平等的价值，无论他们生活在何处。然而，在我和比尔四处旅行、阅读和观察的过程中，我们意识到人们并没有平等对待每一个生命。例如，在美国，拯救一个成年人或儿童的生命可能需要花费很多钱，而在发展中国家，用基本的疫苗套装拯救一个孩子的生命可能只需要30 美元，但我们并没有在全球范围内进行这样的投资。我们觉得必须为此做点什么。于是我们决定投资美国以外地区的健康事业，我们认为在这个领域能产生最大的影响。在美国国内，我们发现并非所有孩子都能享有平等的优质教育机会。所以我们在美国的主要投资方向是美国的教育体系。",[19,243,244],{},"罗斯：从那以后，基金会的关注重点有变化吗？",[19,246,247],{},"盖茨：这两个大主题将是我们一生的关注重点。这些问题足够重大，比如我们致力于消除小儿麻痹症，要是取得成果，就会接着攻克疟疾。有生之年，要解决的疾病问题还有很多。我们希望在基金会的运作期间，真的能攻克其中的许多难题，这样后人就能专注于其他问题。我得说，在教育方面我们取得的进展相对较少，但我们仍全力以赴。这是一项正义的事业。美国构建了出色的体系，成就了微软和伯克希尔，也让我们获得了优质的教育机会。我们希望在改善美国教育方面，能取得像在全球健康领域一样显著的成效。",[19,249,250],{},"罗斯：你期望如此，但不确定是否能实现？",[19,252,253],{},"盖茨：是的，我们不确定。在我们所做的所有事情中，这是风险最大的一项。我们每年在教育领域的投入大概是8 亿美元。但无论是我们的资金，还是其他慈善家的投入(在这方面我们有很棒的合作伙伴，比如迈克尔·布隆伯格、伊莱·格罗德等，他们都做着了不起的工作)，都没能显著提高教育水平。辍学率有所下降，一些优秀的特许学校算是亮点。",[19,255,256],{},"罗斯：是在教育领域吗？",[19,258,259],{},"盖茨：专注于特许学校，是的，针对美国教育。但总体而言，我们不能说教育成绩有了大幅提升。",[19,261,262],{},"罗斯：沃伦，你作为朋友见证了他们的努力。显然，在苏茜去世后，你加快了行动，开始思考自己该做些什么。在慈善方面，你的想法有变化吗？",[19,264,265],{},"巴菲特：没有。我早就想好了自己要做的事。在慈善这件事上我思路很清晰。在苏茜去世前，我就有了成熟的规划。后来，我只是做了些调整。实际上，我该怎么做一目了然。",[19,267,268],{},"罗斯：是指把钱捐出去这件事很明确，还是知道该把钱捐到哪里很明确？",[19,270,271],{},"巴菲特：无论如何，我都会把钱捐出去。查理，这没什么可犹豫的。",[19,273,274],{},"罗斯：钱生不带来，死不带去。",[19,276,277],{},"巴菲特：回顾一生，我想要的东西，金钱都已帮我实现。钱对我来说已没有实际用途，但对他人却意义重",[19,279,280],{},"大。而且，\"所有生命都有平等价值\"这个理念，我完全认同，不会更改分毫。",[19,282,283],{},"问题在于，如何把一堆股票凭证转化为能践行这一理念的实际行动？当时的情况堪称完美，已经有一个现成的机构(比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会)。它由两个极为聪慧且充满热情的人运营，他们还打算为之奉献一生。至少以我的标准来看，他们还很年轻。而且他们投入的是自己的真金白银，这一点至关重要。一切水到渠成。当然，我也和其他4 个规模较小的基金会合作捐赠。不过，它们和盖茨基金会的规模不可相提并论。",[19,285,286],{},"罗斯：你自己设立的基金会吗？",[19,288,289],{},"巴菲特：是的。这5 个基金会，我对这次捐赠安排非常满意。",[19,291,292],{},"罗斯：你们当时有什么反应？",[19,294,295],{},"梅琳达：感动得落泪。我俩都哭了。我们出去走了走，当时都震惊不已。",[19,297,298],{},"盖茨：都哭了。我们边走边感叹。这责任重大啊。即便抛开这次捐赠，我们和沃伦的友谊也让我们受益匪",[19,300,301],{},"浅。在遇到沃伦之前，我读过《财富》杂志上一篇关于捐赠的文章，深受触动。后来在运营基金会的过程中，我常和沃伦单独交流，他还会召集朋友们一起讨论。在基金会创立初期，我们满怀热情地投身全球健康事业，坚信能有所作为。我迫不及待地和沃伦及他的朋友们分享我的热忱。他一路都在为我们出谋划策、提供帮助，像导师一样指引我们。一想到能扩大基金会的影响力，我们对他就多了一份沉甸甸的责任，这种感觉真的很暖心。",[19,303,304],{},"罗斯：你在基金会中扮演什么角色？",[19,306,307],{},"巴菲特：每年7 月，我只需做一件事，拿出某个数额的5%捐赠出去。虽说这对我来说不算难事，但金额也不小。我能做的大致就是这些。",[19,309,310],{},"罗斯：这笔钱数额不小吧？",[19,312,313],{},"盖茨：他把1%的资金捐赠给5 个基金会。我记得是价值28 亿美元的伯克希尔股票。他设定了一个捐赠额",[19,315,316],{},"度，之后每年从剩余部分中拿出5%捐赠。尽管股票数量减少了，但伯克希尔的股价上涨，使得这笔捐赠数额创历史新高，真的令人惊叹。5 个基金会都收到了巨额支票。希望我们寄了感谢信，我得去确认一下。",[19,318,319],{},"巴菲特：收到支票的人自然会写感谢信，这是惯例。",[19,321,322],{},"罗斯：在参与这项工作的过程中，最让你感到满足的是什么？",[19,324,325],{},"巴菲特：想到自己多年积累的财富将用于改善他人的生活，我就感到满足。",[19,327,328],{},"罗斯：基金会的目标有变化吗？我仔细读过基金会的年度报告，能明显看出你们讨论过评估方式，也强调了和政府合作的重要性。在你们三人的工作理念中，基金会是如何发展演变的？",[19,330,331],{},"盖茨：我们一直在不断学习。从2000 年到2015 年，全球健康事业取得了不少重大成果。一些政府和我们共同设立了疫苗基金(Gavi)，还有针对艾滋病、结核病和疟疾的全球基金。这些基金设定了宏伟的目标，虽然在执行过程中遇到了腐败问题，药品价格降幅也未达预期，部分国家物资分发也不顺畅。",[19,333,334],{},"但在组织管理方面，我们积累了经验。总体而言，这些成果非常了不起，是我们和合作伙伴最引以为傲的成就。教育领域的工作，尽管我们依旧全力以赴，但在提高城市贫困地区学校学生的数学、读写能力方面，成效尚不显著。不过，我们也取得了一些成功，这激励着我们继续探索。比如，如何在贫困国家开展工作？怎样吸引世界顶尖科学家研发新工具？如今，我对这份工作的热情比刚开始时更高。",[19,336,337],{},"罗斯：你也是这样吗，梅琳达？",[19,339,340],{},"梅琳达：当然。我认为我们工作的一大理念就是创新。我们坚信创新的力量，无论是疟疾疫苗的创新，还是科技领域的创新。这些创新推动着我们为贫困人群谋福祉。以根除小儿麻痹症为例，如果没有合适的疫苗、工具，以及精准的疫情地图，我们根本无法谈及消灭小儿麻痹症。我们致力于将世界各地实验室(中国、印度、美国、英国等)的创新成果应用于帮助贫困人群。不过，后续需要政府加大推广力度。即便我们在疫苗上投入了数十亿美元，政府还得投入数百亿美元进行推广，这样才能……",[19,342,343],{},"罗斯：所以你是说，你们先开展开创性的工作，类似于试点项目，为有能力推广的政府提供范例？",[19,345,346],{},"梅琳达：我们参与的每一项工作都离不开政府的推广。无论是减少烟草使用、消除疟疾，还是改革美国教育体系。如果把所有资源都投入到美国教育体系，不到一年我们的资金就会用完。",[19,348,349],{},"巴菲特：但这正是他们的独特价值所在。比尔和梅琳达都有能力凝聚各方力量，包括政府和个人。",[19,351,352],{},"我们三人的资金固然重要，但他们的影响力、口才和经验，能说服政府和富豪们投入数亿甚至数十亿美元。",[19,354,355],{},"这就产生了乘数效应。",[19,357,358],{},"罗斯：你对此肯定更有发言权，或许比他们俩更适合谈这个。他们深入实地开展工作，带来了实实在在的改变。看到他们在印度的村庄里…… 巴菲特：没错，这种付出无人能及。洛克菲勒、卡内基、罗斯福都做了很多了不起的事，他们也投入了一定时间，但他们不会像比尔和梅琳达这样，每周工作五六十个小时，奔波于世界各地，甚至前往一些条件艰苦的地方，那些地方我都不想去。他们亲力亲为，不仅取得了实际成果，还吸引了更多人加入，因为大家看到他们是真心实意做慈善。这意义非凡。",[19,360,361],{},"罗斯：但你们这么做，不是为了追求结果，而是因为内心渴望参与其中，想用自己的眼睛去见证，用自己的双手去行动。",[19,363,364],{},"梅琳达：必须如此。",[19,366,367],{},"盖茨：是的。我们会安排不同类型的行程。有些纯粹是学习之旅，不去拜访政府官员，也不接受媒体采访，只是实地考察，了解疟疾的实际情况、农业发展现状。我们以前对农业了解不多，现在才发现，贫困地区的农业有其独特之处。还有些行程，我们会和总统等领导人会面，指出他们国家的疫苗接种率与其他国家相比偏低，在疫苗分发方面还有很大提升空间。",[19,369,370],{},"罗斯：然后说\"我们来提供帮助\"。",[19,372,373],{},"盖茨：对。我们还会投入资金建立评估体系，这样就能知道该国哪些地区或部门工作成效显著。我们积极参与其中。令我们惊喜的是，许多领导人愿意坐下来和我们探讨这些问题。有不少国家，尤其是埃塞俄比亚，在我们的帮助下，对卫生和农业部门进行了重大政策调整，这些改变让相关领域有了长足进步。",[19,375,376],{},"罗斯：你们在打造什么样的资源、团队和机构呢？",[19,378,379],{},"梅琳达：我们和众多合作伙伴携手共进。",[19,381,382],{},"罗斯：这些合作是围绕基金会展开的长期合作，还是根据具体项目临时组建的？",[19,384,385],{},"梅琳达：这取决于具体的工作内容。不同项目有不同的合作方式和场合。以小儿麻痹症防治项目为例，联合国儿童基金会、全球疫苗免疫联盟、世界卫生组织等都参与其中。在项目实施地，有不同专业领域的合作伙伴；",[19,387,388],{},"在英国或美国，也有负责地图绘制、模型构建和疾病监测的合作方。有些工作在当地开展，有些则在后方进行。",[19,390,391],{},"罗斯：基金会负责协调所有这些合作吗？",[19,393,394],{},"盖茨：我们基金会共有约1500 名员工，大部分在西雅图，在非洲、印度、中国和欧洲也设有办公室。我们尽可能借助受资助方的力量。以疟疾防治领域为例，我们有一支约20 人的专家团队。他们能与疫苗专家、药物专家、蚊虫防治专家、模型构建专家沟通协作，整合各方专业技能。然后确定在哪些国家开展疟疾消除工作，以及如何缩小疟疾传播范围。很多时候，我们在基金会内部协调不同领域的专业力量。",[19,396,397],{},"罗斯：谈谈预期目标吧。小儿麻痹症能在2020 年根除吗？",[19,399,400],{},"盖茨：最理想的情况，也是有可能实现的情况是……我真的很期待……",[19,402,403],{},"巴菲特：别做股市预测式的盲目乐观……",[19,405,406],{},"盖茨：我真的很想说，情况很乐观。去年以来小儿麻痹症进展非常顺利。自去年8 月起，非洲再未出现过一例小儿麻痹症病例。非洲的小儿麻痹症疫情得到了有效控制。目前，只有巴基斯坦和阿富汗还有野生型小儿麻痹症病例。而且在这两个国家，军方和各政党都在积极推进防治工作，提升防治行动的质量。",[19,408,409],{},"现在，我们为大量儿童接种疫苗，预计2016 年，巴基斯坦有望出现最后一例小儿麻痹症病例。之后，我们会进入为期三年的监测期，确保没有疫情隐匿传播。这是非常合理的时间安排。监测期结束后，就可以宣布小儿麻痹症被根除。最理想的情况是在2019 年实现这一目标。这太令人激动了。因为一路走来非常艰难。最初设定的根除时间有所延迟，但在这个过程中，涌现出了许多绝妙的想法。一旦我们成功根除小儿麻痹症，这些想法将应用于改善全球健康状况，助力攻克其他疾病。",[19,411,412],{},"罗斯：人类上一次根除某种疾病是什么时候？",[19,414,415],{},"盖茨：人类只根除过一种疾病，那就是天花。最后一例天花病例出现在1977 年，1980 年正式宣布天花被根除。天花曾每年导致数百万人死亡，美国在根除天花的行动中发挥了带头作用，最终成功消灭了天花。那时还没有互联网和模型技术，全靠一群了不起的人努力，这太鼓舞人心了。",[19,417,418],{},"巴菲特：想想这意义多么重大。",[19,420,421],{},"罗斯：确实意义非凡。",[19,423,424],{},"梅琳达：我想说，除了现在的模型技术，还有预期目标方面。你之前问到基金会的目标有没有变化，其实与其说是目标，不如说是预期。我和比尔刚投身慈善事业时，有件事让我们很震惊。在微软工作时，每天都能查看销售报告，点击一下就能获取数据。但在致力于消除某些国家的疟疾或根除小儿麻痹症时，却没有这样的数据系统。现在，每30 天我们就能收到一份小儿麻痹症疫情报告，详细记录着巴基斯坦、阿富汗和尼日利亚(直到去年)哪些村庄出现了病例。",[19,426,427],{},"罗斯：这是数据革命重要性的又一个例证。",[19,429,430],{},"梅琳达：数据至关重要。它让我们知道工作是否取得进展，也让全球各界更深入地了解如何针对这些问题采取行动，以及行动的重点区域。",[19,432,433],{},"罗斯：如果能根除小儿麻痹症就能激励人们相信，只要投入足够资源，这些看似艰巨任务是有可能完成的。",[19,435,436],{},"梅琳达：没错。还要专注和汇聚人才。",[19,438,439],{},"盖茨：天花被根除后，联合国儿童基金会的负责人吉姆·格兰特(他是一位杰出的人物，拯救了数千万人的生命)提出：\"我们的下一个目标是将疫苗接种率从30%提高到80%\"。在1980-90 年代，他带领团队努力，让我们离这个目标越来越近。这堪称又一个奇迹，是全球健康领域继天花被根除后的又一伟大成就。这一切都源于成功根除天花带来的信心、动力和资源。",[19,441,442],{},"罗斯：沃伦，看到这些，你肯定会觉得\"把钱花在这上面太值了\"。",[19,444,445],{},"巴菲特：没错，确实如此。能把积累的财富转化为拯救生命的实际行动，这让我深感欣慰。有一点值得强",[19,447,448],{},"调，在大规模慈善事业中，以根除小儿麻痹症为例，这并非易事。在慈善领域，衡量成果的不是击球平均成功率，而是长打率。可以这么理解，如果你一辈子只打安全打(棒球术语，指击球手击出球后能安全上垒的击球)，虽然击球平均成功率会很高，但得分有限。而真正的大型基金会应该追求高长打率，而不是高击球平均成功率。",[19,450,451],{},"梅琳达：沃伦这番话让我们和其他接受他捐赠的基金会备受鼓舞。我们要勇于追求卓越，敢于冒险。尤其是我们面对的都是社会长期遗留的难题。在那些艰难的日子里，当你觉得进展不顺，或者反思自己是不是哪里做错了的时候，沃伦的话就会在耳边回响。我们要牢记，这些都是棘手的问题。此外，实地走访时遇到的那些了不起的合作伙伴，以及在困境中努力改善生活的家庭，都激励着我们继续前行。",[19,453,454],{},"罗斯：疟疾方面，你希望在2050 年左右，或许在诸多条件具备的情况下，能实现什么目标吗？",[19,456,457],{},"盖茨：我们得做得比这更好才行。目前我们正处于需要新工具的阶段。在药物研发、疫苗研究以及灭蚊技术等方面，都有一些不错的进展。预计在2030 年到2050 年之间，疟疾有望被根除。当下可行的做法是，根据疟疾的分布地图，挑选一些地区进行区域性消除工作。东南亚的柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸等地疟疾疫情较为严重，这些地区是我们优先开展工作的区域之一。澳大利亚、美国、英国等国家都在提供帮助。我们要证明，即便使用现有的工具，也能在这些地区消除疟疾。在有足够信心和所有专家达成共识，向非洲核心区域发起总攻之前，我们大概还需要进行四五次这样的区域消除工作。尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚、刚果民主共和国等赤道非洲地区是最难攻克的地方。我们会在这些地方逐步控制疟疾疫情，在实践中不断学习，最后发起决定性的冲刺。",[19,459,460],{},"罗斯：儿童死亡率问题至关重要。",[19,462,463],{},"梅琳达：没有什么比这更重要。令人欣慰的是，全球在这方面已经取得了巨大进展。自1990 年以来，儿童死亡率降低了一半。这部分要归功于联合国制定的千年发展目标，其中明确提出要将儿童死亡率降低三分之二。虽然我们只实现了降低一半的目标，但在此过程中，所有非政府组织、合作伙伴和各国政府都行动起来，共同思考：\"我们需要进行哪些投资？在疫苗方面投入多少？如何防治疟疾？怎样推广蚊帐并确保其有效使用？在女性教育方面要采取什么措施？因为如果母亲受过教育，孩子的死亡风险会降低50%。\"母亲在获得医疗服务、养育孩子等方面做出的改变，都对孩子的健康产生影响。全球各界开始进行这些方面的投资，如今我们已经明确了有效的方法，接下来就是不断扩大这些措施的实施规模。其中有些是像疫苗这样的创新成果，有些则是像母乳喂养、给婴儿保暖、清洁脐带护理这样非常基础的措施。这些在美国习以为常的做法，在其他地方实施起来成本很低，关键在于引导女性转变观念。",[19,465,466],{},"罗斯：营养不良问题呢？",[19,468,469],{},"梅琳达：几乎一半的儿童死亡都与营养不良有关。我认为营养不良最令人痛心的地方在于，如果孩子在我们所说的\"生命最初1000 天\"，也就是母亲怀孕期间和出生后的头两年，没有得到充足的营养，他们在认知能力上就无法达到正常的学习水平。",[19,471,472],{},"盖茨：每有一名儿童因营养不良死亡，就有四名儿童存在身体或智力发育迟缓的问题。直到最近三四年，我们才充分意识到这个问题的严重性。即便在今天，对于哪些干预措施能有效改善营养不良状况，我们仍在进行大量的试点研究。目前看来，在一些地区帮助女性养鸡以获取更多鸡蛋，或者养牛以增加牛奶供应，这不仅能提高当地居民的营养水平，还能促进养殖户的经济发展。还有很多我们正在探索的方法，比如在盐中添加微量营养素，为什么过去这种方法效果不佳，烹饪时又该注意什么。相信再过一年、两年或者五年，我在营养不良问题上会有更深入的了解。",[19,474,475],{},"梅琳达：最近两周，我和16 岁的儿子住在马拉维的一个家庭里。这对夫妇非常友善，让我们在他们家待了几天。他们只知道我们是当地非政府组织的朋友，来这里是为了了解情况。在那里，我看到他们在努力改善饮食结构，真的很受触动。他们意识到不能只靠玉米维持生计，于是拿出一部分积蓄养鸡。这样一来，家人不仅有了蛋白质来源，还能把鸡和鸡蛋拿到市场上卖，增加了一些收入。后来，他们又开始养猪，目前已经养了三头小猪。",[19,477,478],{},"我问他们：\"养这些猪打算做什么呢？\"我原以为他们会把猪吃掉，结果他们说：\"哦，不，这是我们女儿上高中的学费，那一头是儿子的学费。\"当这些家庭开始多元化经营，不仅能改善营养状况，还能增加收入，从而提升整个家庭的生活水平。在全球各地，我遇到的每一个家庭，当被问及他们的希望和梦想时，无一例外都会说：\"我希望能让孩子接受教育。\" 罗斯：他们深信这是改变命运的关键。见证这些，你们自己肯定也在不断学习。深刻认识到世界上还有很多工作要做，同时也看到了各种解决问题的方案和想法不断涌现。",[19,480,481],{},"巴菲特：查理，我一直主张让专业的人做专业的事。你刚才听到的这些，就是两个全身心投入、用自己的资金做慈善的人所带来的改变。这和那种成立了20 年，只是按部就班交接工作的组织完全不同，两者有着天壤之别。这才是真正能带来改变的方式。",[19,483,484],{},"罗斯：你觉得你们的慈善模式对其他想要投身慈善事业的人有影响吗？你们的人生发生了巨大转变，不仅引领了慈善潮流，还全身心地投入其中。如今你们的生活方式和1995 年相比，已经截然不同。",[19,486,487],{},"盖茨：当然有影响。现在的目标和过去大不相同。在获取信息的过程中，和科学家交流等经历……我在微软的工作经历为我积累了经验。可以说，如果我们能传达两点理念，一是慈善可以充满乐趣，我们就是很好的例子；",[19,489,490],{},"二是对于一些风险较高的慈善项目，让人们觉得风险并没有那么大。或许他们会在其他国家，以不同的方式参与慈善。",[19,492,493],{},"罗斯：这里说的风险是什么意思？",[19,495,496],{},"盖茨：把慈善资金投入到非洲的项目中，是一件很有挑战性的事情。比如会担心非洲国家的政府是否会贪污这笔资金，即便取得了一些进展，当地出现不稳定因素，之前的努力就会付诸东流。还有，自己会不会看起来很愚蠢？在非洲开展项目该从哪里入手？又该信任谁？我们也是经过多年摸索，犯了不少错误，才逐渐有了信心。",[19,498,499],{},"我觉得每个从事慈善事业的人，都应该鼓励其他人多承担一些风险，尝试一些更具开创性的项目。像资助大学就是很棒的慈善行为，大学里的科学家能做出很多杰出的研究成果。",[19,501,502],{},"罗斯：我们来聊聊女性与发展的话题，这已经成为你们关注的重点之一。",[19,504,505],{},"梅琳达：没错。之所以关注这个领域，是因为女性是推动变革的重要力量。长期以来，社会往往把女性视为需要帮助的对象，而没有意识到她们才是变革的推动者。如果能够挖掘女性的潜力，确保她们和孩子身体健康，赋予她们在经济活动中的决策权，并对她们进行投资，她们就会带动身边的人共同发展。在发展中国家，女性每多获得一美元收入，就会把90%投入到家庭中。通常情况下，孩子吃什么、生病时谁去诊所、家里谁先吃饭等这些决定，都是由女性做出的。如果我们想要产生广泛而深远的影响，就必须投资女性。过去，社会各界在大规模投资女性方面做得还不够，现在我们已经开始重视并付诸行动。另外，在开展项目时也要注意，不能想当然。比如我们研发出了抗旱玉米种子，这是个好成果。但如果认为非洲的农业经销商会把这些种子送到每一位农民手中，那就大错特错了，因为他们往往忽略了女性群体。我们必须多做一些工作，确保女性能够获得种子，了解种植技术，并从中获得收益。",[19,507,508],{},"罗斯：你肯定对此深有感触，沃伦。",[19,510,511],{},"巴菲特：如果你认同所有生命都有平等价值，那就必须为女性做点什么。事实上，在许多文化中，包括我们自己的文化，在很长一段时间里，女性的生命价值都没有得到和男性同等的对待。就拿美国宪法来说，在规定总统任职资格时，使用的大多是男性代词。《独立宣言》发表13 年后才提出\"人人生而平等\"，但看看宪法第二条第一款就知道，女性并没有被平等对待。",[19,513,514],{},"梅琳达：关键是，这些是可以衡量的。这也是我想说的另一点。过去，很多事情都缺乏数据支持，而数据对于我们确定投资方向至关重要。以前，我们没有收集关于女性的数据。在孟加拉国、非洲、印度等地进行家庭调查时，调查人员只问一个问题：家里的主要经济支柱是谁？一旦得知是男性，就不再追问其他信息，甚至都不会询问家庭的其他收入来源。在很多方面，我们都缺乏关于女性的有效数据。但当我们开始收集这些数据时，就会发现，其实可以衡量女性的赋权程度，观察到女性在经济状况改善后行为和决策的变化。我们要继续深入研究，因为只有这样，才能促使各国总理、总统等领导人改变态度，加大对女性发展的投入。",[19,516,517],{},"罗斯：你们发布过一份《无极限报告》(\"noceilingreport\")，这是一份什么样的报告呢？",[19,519,520],{},"梅琳达：2013 年，我们和克林顿基金会合作，旨在全面梳理全球关于女性的数据。我们与《经济学人》智库和加州大学洛杉矶分校合作，收集了各个国家有关女性的所有数据，涵盖童婚现象、女性劳动力参与率、受教育机会等方面。我们对这些数据进行整理分析，并以可视化的形式呈现出来，方便人们查阅。接下来，我们还会填补数据缺失的部分。目前，全球通用的童婚数据并不完善，如果想要制定有效的干预措施，就需要更全面、深入的数据支持。",[19,522,523],{},"罗斯：科技对这些工作有怎样的影响呢？是利大于弊，还是相反？",[19,525,526],{},"盖茨：科技带来了很多帮助，但也存在一些问题。如果不加以引导，科技往往会迎合大规模市场。中等收入群体和富人的需求会主导应用程序的开发和使用方向。不过，借助强大的手机和互联网，我们可以为农民提供帮助，比如让他们了解何时播种、选择什么种子。还可以利用科技手段管理基层医疗诊所，确保物资供应顺畅，监督工作人员的工作情况。基于数字技术，只要再投入一些资金，就能拓展金融服务、健康监测、质量追踪等功能。虽然目前我们还处于预算追踪的初步设想阶段，但通过这种方式，我们可以低成本地实现资金监管，让捐赠者更放心。从用于小儿麻痹症防治的卫星摄影技术，到让人们可以用手机管理储蓄账户，数字平台让我们的工作更具雄心。",[19,528,529],{},"梅琳达：如今在发展中国家，手机已经普及。无论你走到哪个偏远的村庄，都能看到手机，虽然大多是我们过去使用的那种塑料外壳手机。正如比尔所说，这些手机搭建起了数字平台，推动了移动支付的发展。在肯尼亚，如今87%的国内生产总值都是通过移动支付系统流转的。在菲律宾、孟加拉国、坦桑尼亚等国家，移动支付也在大规模推广。偏远地区的女性，如果丈夫去内罗毕打工，丈夫可以通过手机给她转账。同时，她每天卖鸡蛋攒下的钱也能存起来，等到孩子交学费的时候，就有足够的资金。不仅如此，随着手机功能的不断升级，市场农产品价格信息也能实时获取。当女性把农产品卖给中间商时，她们能清楚知道市场价格。如果中间商说\"每蒲式耳只卖10 美元\"，她们就会回应\"市场价格明明是20 美元\"。随着智能手机的普及，在东南亚地区，女性还能利用手机获得更多帮助。据统计，全球三分之一的女性都遭受过暴力侵害。以后，女性可以在智能手机上设置紧急联系人，比如在印度，如果女性遭遇暴力，只需按一个按钮，六个紧急联系人就能立刻收到求救信息，甚至还能获取她的GPS 定位。这将极大地改变女性的处境。",[19,531,532],{},"巴菲特：改进农业技术能改变数亿人的生活。看看美国在过去几百年里，农业技术创新带来的变化就知道",[19,534,535],{},"了。播种机、拖拉机的发明都是农业领域的重大创新。想想世界上还有很多地方的农业生产方式还很原始，如果能帮助这些地区提高农业产量，就能极大地改善数亿人的生活。",[19,537,538],{},"罗斯：我还想简单聊聊埃博拉疫情以及其他潜在疾病，全球社会如何采取前所未有的措施，防范最糟糕的情况发生？",[19,540,541],{},"盖茨：目前，我们仍在努力将埃博拉病例数降为零。病例数量已经大幅下降，但即便归零，受疫情影响的三个国家也需要大量投入，重建完善的卫生系统，恢复经济发展。埃博拉疫情也给全球敲响了警钟。很幸运，疫情只在这三个国家传播，没有进一步扩散。未来，还会有其他类似埃博拉的疾病出现。",[19,543,544],{},"罗斯：你曾强调建立早期预警系统，以及提高早期快速应对能力的重要性。",[19,546,547],{},"盖茨：没错。我们需要完善的医疗体系，以及能够收集数据的监测站点。基金会正在呼吁各方共同建立早期预警系统。目前，有很多报告都在探讨如何加强世界卫生组织在这方面的核心作用。我经常将军事行动和疫情防控进行对比。在军事领域，我们有预备役人员，会进行训练，提前制定作战计划。但在应对传染病疫情(无论是自然爆发的还是人为的生物恐怖袭击引发的)时，我们却准备不足。我们缺乏志愿者、物资储备和相关训练。希望埃博拉疫情能成为一次警示，促使各方投入资源，提升应对速度。如果未来出现传染性更强的病毒，这一点将至关重要。",[19,549,550],{},"罗斯：沃伦，听着他们俩的分享，你肯定为他们的热情和全身心投入感到无比骄傲。而且，他们和你一样，本可以选择做很多其他事情，但慈善的使命感让你们相聚在一起，无论是在西雅图、奥马哈，还是在印度等地。",[19,552,553],{},"这种源自内心的同情心和改变世界的决心令人动容。",[19,555,556],{},"巴菲特：我希望，听到我们故事的人能有所思考，就像我们受到他人启发一样。比尔的父母就积极投身慈善事业，对他影响很大。很多人都在以自己的方式默默奉献，我非常钦佩他们，他们付出的时间和精力比我多得多。我的姐姐已经87 岁了，还每天都在帮助他人。我只是捐了些钱，而她奉献的是自己的时间。曾经有两个人不远万里来和我探讨慈善事业以及\"慈善承诺\"倡议，一聊就是一两个小时。他们来自世界上很偏远的地方，我就不说具体是哪里了。这种交流就像在平静的湖面投下一颗石子，谁也不知道激起的涟漪会扩散到何处，会产生怎样的影响。",[19,558,559],{},"罗斯：感谢你们接受采访，谢谢比尔、梅琳达，也感谢沃伦参与我们的节目。",{"title":561,"searchDepth":562,"depth":562,"links":563},"",2,[564],{"id":16,"depth":562,"text":17},"访谈与文章",null,"巴菲特在《华尔街日报》撰文，建议通过扩大所得税抵免帮助困难美国人，强调教育、努力工作与美国梦的价值。","md",{},true,115,"\u002Fbuffett\u002Finterview\u002Fba-fei-te-2015nian-kuo-da-suo-de-shui-di-mian-bi-ti-gao-zui-di-gong-zi-geng-hao",{"title":5,"description":567},"巴菲特：2015年扩大所得税抵免比提高最低工资更好｜巴菲特","ba-fei-te-2015nian-kuo-da-suo-de-shui-di-mian-bi-ti-gao-zui-di-gong-zi-geng-hao","buffett\u002Finterview\u002Fba-fei-te-2015nian-kuo-da-suo-de-shui-di-mian-bi-ti-gao-zui-di-gong-zi-geng-hao","WQQ-3QAKbrZAEALxi5O_uWg2J_bgMerKsvc8ruVo0Ek","buffett",[580,585,588,592,595,598,601,605,608,611,615,618,621,625,628,631,635,638,641,645,648,651,655,658,661,665,668,671,675,678,681,685,688,691,695,698,701,705,708,711,715,718,721,725,728,731,735,738,741,745,748,751,755,758,761,765,768,771,775,778,781,785,788,791,795,798,801,805,808,811,815,818,821,825,828,831,835,838,841,845,848,851,855,858,861,865,868,871,875,878,881,885,888,891,895,898,901,905,908,911,915,918,922,925,929,932,936,939,943,946,950,953,957,960,964,967,971,974,978,981,985,988,992,995,999,1002,1006,1009,1013,1016,1020,1023,1027,1030,1034,1037,1041,1044,1048,1051,1055,1058,1062,1065,1069,1072,1076,1079,1083,1086,1090,1093,1097,1100,1104,1107,1111,1114,1118,1121,1125,1128,1132,1135,1139,1142,1146,1149,1153,1156,1160,1163,1167,1170,1174,1177,1181,1184,1188,1191,1195,1198,1202,1205,1209,1212,1216,1219,1223,1226,1230,1233,1237,1240,1244,1247,1251,1254,1258,1261,1265,1268,1272,1275,1279,1282,1286,1289,1293,1296,1300,1303,1307,1310,1314,1317,1321,1324,1328,1331,1335,1338,1342,1345,1349,1352,1356,1359,1363,1366,1370,1373,1377,1380,1384,1388,1392,1396,1400,1404,1408,1412,1416,1420,1424,1428,1432,1436,1437,1441,1445,1449,1453,1457,1461,1465,1469,1473,1477,1481,1485,1489,1493,1497,1501,1505,1509,1513,1517,1521,1525,1529,1533,1537,1541,1545,1549,1553,1557,1561,1565,1569,1573,1577],{"title":581,"slug":582,"category":583,"order":584},"1956 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巴菲特致合伙人信","1958-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",3,{"title":606,"slug":607,"category":565,"order":604},"巴菲特：1957年我最看好的股票：人寿保险","ba-fei-te-1957nian-wo-zui-kan-hao-de-gu-piao-ren-shou-bao-xian",{"title":609,"slug":610,"category":591,"order":604},"1996年伯克希尔股东大会","1996nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":612,"slug":613,"category":583,"order":614},"1959 巴菲特致合伙人信","1959-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",4,{"title":616,"slug":617,"category":565,"order":614},"巴菲特：1957年最看好的股票：油气资产管理公司","ba-fei-te-1957nian-zui-kan-hao-de-gu-piao-you-qi-zi-chan-guan-li-gong-si",{"title":619,"slug":620,"category":591,"order":614},"1997年伯克希尔股东大会","1997nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":622,"slug":623,"category":583,"order":624},"1960 巴菲特致合伙人信","1960-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",5,{"title":626,"slug":627,"category":565,"order":624},"巴菲特：1972年巴菲特谈喜诗糖果","ba-fei-te-1972nian-ba-fei-te-tan-xi-shi-tang-guo",{"title":629,"slug":630,"category":591,"order":624},"1998年伯克希尔股东大会","1998nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":632,"slug":633,"category":583,"order":634},"1961 巴菲特致合伙人信","1961-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",6,{"title":636,"slug":637,"category":565,"order":634},"巴菲特：1974年击球啊,你这个笨蛋","ba-fei-te-1974nian-ji-qiu-a-ni-zhe-ge-ben-dan",{"title":639,"slug":640,"category":591,"order":634},"1999年伯克希尔股东大会","1999nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":642,"slug":643,"category":583,"order":644},"1961年中 巴菲特致合伙人信","1961nian-zhong-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",7,{"title":646,"slug":647,"category":565,"order":644},"巴菲特：1976年巴菲特谈GEICO","ba-fei-te-1976nian-ba-fei-te-tan-geico",{"title":649,"slug":650,"category":591,"order":644},"2000年伯克希尔股东大会","2000nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":652,"slug":653,"category":583,"order":654},"1962 巴菲特致合伙人信","1962-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",8,{"title":656,"slug":657,"category":565,"order":654},"巴菲特：1976年怀念恩师格雷厄姆","ba-fei-te-1976nian-huai-nian-en-shi-ge-lei-e-mu",{"title":659,"slug":660,"category":591,"order":654},"2001年伯克希尔股东大会","2001nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":662,"slug":663,"category":583,"order":664},"1962年11月 巴菲特致合伙人信","1962nian-11yue-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",9,{"title":666,"slug":667,"category":565,"order":664},"巴菲特：1977年谈通货膨胀","ba-fei-te-1977nian-tan-tong-huo-peng-zhang",{"title":669,"slug":670,"category":591,"order":664},"2002年伯克希尔股东大会","2002nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":672,"slug":673,"category":583,"order":674},"1962年12月 巴菲特致合伙人信","1962nian-12yue-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",10,{"title":676,"slug":677,"category":565,"order":674},"巴菲特：1979年谈股市","ba-fei-te-1979nian-tan-gu-shi",{"title":679,"slug":680,"category":591,"order":674},"2003年伯克希尔股东大会","2003nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":682,"slug":683,"category":583,"order":684},"1962年中 巴菲特致合伙人信","1962nian-zhong-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",11,{"title":686,"slug":687,"category":565,"order":684},"巴菲特：1982年谈指数期货","ba-fei-te-1982nian-tan-zhi-shu-qi-huo",{"title":689,"slug":690,"category":591,"order":684},"2004年伯克希尔股东大会","2004nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":692,"slug":693,"category":583,"order":694},"1963 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巴菲特致合伙人信","1965-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",18,{"title":756,"slug":757,"category":565,"order":754},"巴菲特：1987年-关于股票指数期货的早期担忧","ba-fei-te-1987nian-guan-yu-gu-piao-zhi-shu-qi-huo-de-zao-qi-dan-you",{"title":759,"slug":760,"category":591,"order":754},"2011年伯克希尔股东大会","2011nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":762,"slug":763,"category":583,"order":764},"1965 巴菲特致股东信","1965-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",19,{"title":766,"slug":767,"category":565,"order":764},"巴菲特：1987年-我们可以从费雪（Phil Fisher）身上学到什么","ba-fei-te-1987nian-wo-men-ke-yi-cong-fei-xue-phil-fisher-shen-shang-xue-dao-shi-me",{"title":769,"slug":770,"category":591,"order":764},"2012年伯克希尔股东大会","2012nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":772,"slug":773,"category":583,"order":774},"1965年11月 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巴菲特致股东信","1996-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",67,{"title":1147,"slug":1148,"category":565,"order":1145},"巴菲特：2007年对话佐治亚大学学生","ba-fei-te-2007nian-dui-hua-zuo-zhi-ya-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":1150,"slug":1151,"category":583,"order":1152},"1997 巴菲特致股东信","1997-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",68,{"title":1154,"slug":1155,"category":565,"order":1152},"巴菲特：2007年巴菲特接见Dardashti","ba-fei-te-2007nian-ba-fei-te-jie-jian-dardashti",{"title":1157,"slug":1158,"category":583,"order":1159},"1998 巴菲特致股东信","1998-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",69,{"title":1161,"slug":1162,"category":565,"order":1159},"巴菲特：2007年接受央视专访","ba-fei-te-2007nian-jie-shou-yang-shi-zhuan-fang",{"title":1164,"slug":1165,"category":583,"order":1166},"1999 巴菲特致股东信","1999-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",70,{"title":1168,"slug":1169,"category":565,"order":1166},"巴菲特：2007年接受欧洲MBA学生专访（珍贵精彩实录）","ba-fei-te-2007nian-jie-shou-ou-zhou-mbaxue-sheng-zhuan-fang-zhen-gui-jing-cai-shi-lu",{"title":1171,"slug":1172,"category":583,"order":1173},"2000 巴菲特致股东信","2000-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",71,{"title":1175,"slug":1176,"category":565,"order":1173},"巴菲特：2007年查理罗斯专访","ba-fei-te-2007nian-cha-li-luo-si-zhuan-fang",{"title":1178,"slug":1179,"category":583,"order":1180},"2001 巴菲特致股东信","2001-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",72,{"title":1182,"slug":1183,"category":565,"order":1180},"巴菲特：2008年21 世纪经济领导者采访","ba-fei-te-2008nian-21-shi-ji-jing-ji-ling-dao-zhe-cai-fang",{"title":1185,"slug":1186,"category":583,"order":1187},"2002 巴菲特致股东信","2002-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",73,{"title":1189,"slug":1190,"category":565,"order":1187},"巴菲特：2008年买入美国正当时","ba-fei-te-2008nian-mai-ru-mei-guo-zheng-dang-shi",{"title":1192,"slug":1193,"category":583,"order":1194},"2003 巴菲特致股东信","2003-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",74,{"title":1196,"slug":1197,"category":565,"order":1194},"巴菲特：2008年对话IVEY 商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2008nian-dui-hua-ivey-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1199,"slug":1200,"category":583,"order":1201},"2004 巴菲特致股东信","2004-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",75,{"title":1203,"slug":1204,"category":565,"order":1201},"巴菲特：2008年对话商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2008nian-dui-hua-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1206,"slug":1207,"category":583,"order":1208},"2005 巴菲特致股东信","2005-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",76,{"title":1210,"slug":1211,"category":565,"order":1208},"巴菲特：2008年对话瑞士洛桑国际管理学院","ba-fei-te-2008nian-dui-hua-rui-shi-luo-sang-guo-ji-guan-li-xue-yuan",{"title":1213,"slug":1214,"category":583,"order":1215},"2006 巴菲特致股东信","2006-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",77,{"title":1217,"slug":1218,"category":565,"order":1215},"巴菲特：2008年怀念恩师格雷厄姆","ba-fei-te-2008nian-huai-nian-en-shi-ge-lei-e-mu",{"title":1220,"slug":1221,"category":583,"order":1222},"2007 巴菲特致股东信","2007-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",78,{"title":1224,"slug":1225,"category":565,"order":1222},"巴菲特：2008年给保尔森的信","ba-fei-te-2008nian-gei-bao-er-sen-de-xin",{"title":1227,"slug":1228,"category":583,"order":1229},"2008 巴菲特致股东信","2008-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",79,{"title":1231,"slug":1232,"category":565,"order":1229},"巴菲特：2008年解析经济危机","ba-fei-te-2008nian-jie-xi-jing-ji-wei-ji",{"title":1234,"slug":1235,"category":583,"order":1236},"2009 巴菲特致股东信","2009-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",80,{"title":1238,"slug":1239,"category":565,"order":1236},"巴菲特：2008年财富杂志：沃伦之思","ba-fei-te-2008nian-cai-fu-za-zhi-wo-lun-zhi-si",{"title":1241,"slug":1242,"category":583,"order":1243},"2010 巴菲特致股东信","2010-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",81,{"title":1245,"slug":1246,"category":565,"order":1243},"巴菲特：2009年CNBC 专访","ba-fei-te-2009nian-cnbc-zhuan-fang",{"title":1248,"slug":1249,"category":583,"order":1250},"2011 巴菲特致股东信","2011-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",82,{"title":1252,"slug":1253,"category":565,"order":1250},"巴菲特：2009年对话六所商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2009nian-dui-hua-liu-suo-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1255,"slug":1256,"category":583,"order":1257},"2012 巴菲特致股东信","2012-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",83,{"title":1259,"slug":1260,"category":565,"order":1257},"巴菲特：2009年对话哥大商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2009nian-dui-hua-ge-da-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1262,"slug":1263,"category":583,"order":1264},"2013 巴菲特致股东信","2013-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",84,{"title":1266,"slug":1267,"category":565,"order":1264},"巴菲特：2009年恐慌是会传染的，我们必须做点什么","ba-fei-te-2009nian-kong-huang-shi-hui-chuan-ran-de-wo-men-bi-xu-zuo-dian-shi-me",{"title":1269,"slug":1270,"category":583,"order":1271},"2014 伯克希尔的过去现在与未来","2014-bo-ke-xi-er-de-guo-qu-xian-zai-yu-wei-lai",85,{"title":1273,"slug":1274,"category":565,"order":1271},"巴菲特：2009年收购BNSF 铁路","ba-fei-te-2009nian-shou-gou-bnsf-tie-lu",{"title":1276,"slug":1277,"category":583,"order":1278},"2014 副董事长的思考","2014-fu-dong-shi-chang-de-si-kao",86,{"title":1280,"slug":1281,"category":565,"order":1278},"巴菲特：2009年美元效应","ba-fei-te-2009nian-mei-yuan-xiao-ying",{"title":1283,"slug":1284,"category":583,"order":1285},"2014 巴菲特致股东信","2014-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",87,{"title":1287,"slug":1288,"category":565,"order":1285},"教学方法期刊","ba-fei-te-2009nian-a-ke-lun-da-xue-shang-xue-yuan-wen-da-shi-lu",{"title":1290,"slug":1291,"category":583,"order":1292},"2015 巴菲特致股东信","2015-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",88,{"title":1294,"slug":1295,"category":565,"order":1292},"巴菲特：2010年\"捐赠誓言\"计划","ba-fei-te-2010nian-juan-zeng-shi-yan-ji-hua",{"title":1297,"slug":1298,"category":583,"order":1299},"2016 巴菲特致股东信","2016-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",89,{"title":1301,"slug":1302,"category":565,"order":1299},"巴菲特：2010年CNBC 专访","ba-fei-te-2010nian-cnbc-zhuan-fang",{"title":1304,"slug":1305,"category":583,"order":1306},"2017 巴菲特致股东信","2017-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",90,{"title":1308,"slug":1309,"category":565,"order":1306},"巴菲特：2010年与罗克国度创始人、福布斯主编对谈","ba-fei-te-2010nian-yu-luo-ke-guo-du-chuang-shi-ren-fu-bu-si-zhu-bian-dui-tan",{"title":1311,"slug":1312,"category":583,"order":1313},"2018 巴菲特致股东信","2018-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",91,{"title":1315,"slug":1316,"category":565,"order":1313},"巴菲特：2010年央视财经采访","ba-fei-te-2010nian-yang-shi-cai-jing-cai-fang",{"title":1318,"slug":1319,"category":583,"order":1320},"2019 巴菲特致股东信","2019-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",92,{"title":1322,"slug":1323,"category":565,"order":1320},"巴菲特：2010年对话IVEY 商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2010nian-dui-hua-ivey-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1325,"slug":1326,"category":583,"order":1327},"2020 巴菲特致股东信","2020-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",93,{"title":1329,"slug":1330,"category":565,"order":1327},"巴菲特：2010年慈善中国行","ba-fei-te-2010nian-ci-shan-zhong-guo-xing",{"title":1332,"slug":1333,"category":583,"order":1334},"2021 巴菲特致股东信","2021-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",94,{"title":1336,"slug":1337,"category":565,"order":1334},"巴菲特：2010年给全体经理人备忘录","ba-fei-te-2010nian-gei-quan-ti-jing-li-ren-bei-wang-lu",{"title":1339,"slug":1340,"category":583,"order":1341},"2022 巴菲特致股东信","2022-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",95,{"title":1343,"slug":1344,"category":565,"order":1341},"巴菲特：2010年金融危机调查委员会专访","ba-fei-te-2010nian-jin-rong-wei-ji-diao-cha-wei-yuan-hui-zhuan-fang",{"title":1346,"slug":1347,"category":583,"order":1348},"2023 巴菲特致股东信","2023-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",96,{"title":1350,"slug":1351,"category":565,"order":1348},"巴菲特：2011年500 亿美元的决定","ba-fei-te-2011nian-500-yi-mei-yuan-de-jue-ding",{"title":1353,"slug":1354,"category":583,"order":1355},"2024 巴菲特致股东信","2024-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",97,{"title":1357,"slug":1358,"category":565,"order":1355},"巴菲特：2011年CNBC 专访","ba-fei-te-2011nian-cnbc-zhuan-fang",{"title":1360,"slug":1361,"category":583,"order":1362},"2025 巴菲特致股东信","2025-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",98,{"title":1364,"slug":1365,"category":565,"order":1362},"巴菲特：2011年对话八所商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2011nian-dui-hua-ba-suo-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1367,"slug":1368,"category":583,"order":1369},"2025 感恩节致辞","2025-gan-en-jie-zhi-ci",99,{"title":1371,"slug":1372,"category":565,"order":1369},"巴菲特：2011年查理·罗斯专访","ba-fei-te-2011nian-cha-li-luo-si-zhuan-fang",{"title":1374,"slug":1375,"category":583,"order":1376},"2026 阿贝尔致股东信","2026-a-bei-er-zhi-gu-dong-xin",100,{"title":1378,"slug":1379,"category":565,"order":1376},"巴菲特：为何股票能跑赢黄金与债券","ba-fei-te-2012nian-wei-he-gu-piao-neng-pao-ying-huang-jin-yu-zhai-quan",{"title":1381,"slug":1382,"category":565,"order":1383},"巴菲特：2012年对话IVEY 商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2012nian-dui-hua-ivey-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",101,{"title":1385,"slug":1386,"category":565,"order":1387},"巴菲特：2012年跳着踢踏舞去上班","ba-fei-te-2012nian-tiao-zhao-ti-ta-wu-qu-shang-ban",102,{"title":1389,"slug":1390,"category":565,"order":1391},"巴菲特：2013年 《沃伦·巴菲特的办公时间访谈》","ba-fei-te-2013nian-wo-lun-ba-fei-te-de-ban-gong-shi-jian-fang-tan",103,{"title":1393,"slug":1394,"category":565,"order":1395},"巴菲特：2013年乔治城大学演讲","ba-fei-te-2013nian-qiao-zhi-cheng-da-xue-yan-jiang",104,{"title":1397,"slug":1398,"category":565,"order":1399},"巴菲特：2013年如何教孩子理财","ba-fei-te-2013nian-ru-he-jiao-hai-zi-li-cai",105,{"title":1401,"slug":1402,"category":565,"order":1403},"巴菲特：2013年家族三代谈慈善","ba-fei-te-2013nian-jia-zu-san-dai-tan-ci-shan",106,{"title":1405,"slug":1406,"category":565,"order":1407},"巴菲特：2013年对话八所商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2013nian-dui-hua-ba-suo-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",107,{"title":1409,"slug":1410,"category":565,"order":1411},"巴菲特：2014年CNBC 专访2014年3月3日","ba-fei-te-2014nian-cnbc-zhuan-fang-2014nian-3yue-3ri",108,{"title":1413,"slug":1414,"category":565,"order":1415},"巴菲特：2014年CNBC 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年哥伦比亚大学高校面谈——人生最美好的事是什么？》","ba-fei-te-2017-nian-ge-lun-bi-ya-da-xue-gao-xiao-mian-tan-ren-sheng-zui-mei-hao-de-shi-shi-shi-me",120,{"title":1458,"slug":1459,"category":565,"order":1460},"巴菲特：2017年对话北京大学学生：最好的投资是投资自己","ba-fei-te-2017nian-dui-hua-bei-jing-da-xue-xue-sheng-zui-hao-de-tou-zi-shi-tou-zi-zi-ji",121,{"title":1462,"slug":1463,"category":565,"order":1464},"巴菲特：2017年接受CNBC采访","ba-fei-te-2017nian-jie-shou-cnbccai-fang",122,{"title":1466,"slug":1467,"category":565,"order":1468},"巴菲特：2017年接受PBS 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