[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":4019},["ShallowReactive",2],{"library-ba-fei-te-2021nian-cai-fang-wo-lun-ba-fei-te-de-tou-zi-ce-lue-ru-he-xiang-chuan-qi-yi-yang-sheng-huo-he-tou-zi-wan-zheng-fang-tan":3,"library-sidebar-buffett":2484,"library-sidebar-dao":3485,"library-sidebar-models":3787},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":2470,"date":2471,"description":2472,"extension":2473,"meta":2474,"navigation":2475,"order":2476,"path":2477,"seo":2478,"seoDescription":2472,"seoTitle":2479,"slug":2480,"stem":2481,"__hash__":2482,"_collection":2483},"buffett\u002Fbuffett\u002Finterview\u002Fba-fei-te-2021nian-cai-fang-wo-lun-ba-fei-te-de-tou-zi-ce-lue-ru-he-xiang-chuan-qi-yi-yang-sheng-huo-he-tou-zi-wan-zheng-fang-tan.md","巴菲特：2021年采访《沃伦·巴菲特的投资策略：如何像传奇一样生活和投资（完整访谈）》",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2386},"minimark",[9,13,21,30,35,40,46,50,53,56,59,62,65,68,71,74,77,80,83,86,89,92,95,98,101,104,107,110,113,116,119,122,125,128,131,134,138,141,144,147,150,153,156,159,162,165,168,171,175,178,181,184,187,190,193,196,199,202,205,208,211,215,218,221,224,227,230,233,236,239,242,245,248,251,254,257,260,263,266,269,272,275,278,281,284,287,290,293,296,299,302,305,308,311,314,317,320,323,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,404,407,410,413,416,419,422,425,428,431,434,437,440,443,446,449,452,455,458,461,464,467,470,473,476,479,482,485,488,491,494,497,500,503,506,509,512,515,518,521,524,527,530,533,536,539,542,545,548,553,556,559,562,565,568,571,574,577,580,583,586,589,592,595,598,601,604,608,611,614,617,620,623,626,629,632,639,642,645,649,652,656,659,662,665,672,679,682,685,692,698,701,704,711,718,721,724,727,730,741,744,751,758,761,764,775,778,789,792,798,805,812,819,824,828,838,848,851,861,868,874,877,884,887,893,896,903,909,912,915,918,924,927,933,939,942,949,952,958,961,964,967,973,976,987,998,1004,1007,1013,1024,1038,1041,1048,1058,1065,1070,1077,1083,1086,1093,1100,1106,1113,1116,1119,1125,1128,1135,1142,1145,1157,1164,1171,1174,1181,1188,1191,1197,1207,1210,1213,1216,1223,1229,1232,1235,1241,1247,1250,1253,1260,1266,1277,1283,1286,1289,1293,1304,1307,1310,1313,1316,1323,1326,1329,1332,1338,1341,1347,1354,1357,1360,1363,1369,1372,1375,1381,1384,1391,1398,1401,1411,1414,1421,1432,1443,1446,1453,1456,1463,1469,1473,1480,1483,1486,1489,1496,1503,1510,1513,1519,1522,1529,1539,1543,1550,1557,1564,1571,1578,1581,1588,1591,1598,1605,1609,1612,1622,1629,1632,1638,1641,1645,1648,1655,1658,1661,1672,1675,1685,1692,1703,1707,1717,1728,1731,1741,1751,1755,1758,1764,1767,1777,1780,1783,1793,1799,1805,1808,1811,1814,1820,1827,1833,1837,1844,1850,1853,1859,1862,1869,1875,1879,1882,1889,1896,1899,1904,1907,1910,1914,1929,1933,1936,1953,1959,1962,1965,1976,1979,1989,1995,2002,2012,2015,2018,2021,2028,2032,2038,2048,2055,2061,2071,2075,2082,2092,2098,2104,2115,2119,2125,2131,2141,2147,2150,2153,2159,2166,2173,2176,2187,2198,2213,2216,2223,2230,2237,2247,2251,2269,2276,2283,2289,2292,2303,2310,2321,2324,2328,2346,2353,2356,2366,2376,2383],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"巴菲特2021年采访沃伦巴菲特的投资策略如何像传奇一样生活和投资完整访谈",[14,15,16],"p",{},[17,18],"img",{"alt":19,"src":20},"","\u002Fcontent\u002Fbuffett\u002Finterview\u002Fimages\u002Fimage_-1465811480828188174.png",[22,23,24,27],"blockquote",{},[14,25,26],{},"沃伦·巴菲特 于 1930 年 8 月 30 日出生于内布拉斯加州的奥马哈。他在童年早期就表现出了金融和商业事务的诀窍，并在 16 岁时进入宾夕法尼亚大学学习商业，然后转学到内布拉斯加大学完成学位。他在哥伦比亚大学获得经济学硕士学位，并在纽约金融学院继续深造。1956 年，巴菲特成立了巴菲特合伙有限公司，导致收购了一家名为伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的纺织公司，他最终将其扩展到媒体资产，如华盛顿邮报、保险和石油。他赢得了“奥马哈神谕”的绰号，甚至设法使看似糟糕的投资获利，最著名的是 1987 年丑闻缠身的所罗门兄弟。1989 年至 2006 年，在伯克希尔哈撒韦公司对可口可乐进行重大投资后，巴菲特成为公司董事。2006 年，巴菲特宣布他将把他的财富用于慈善事业，其中 85% 捐给了比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会，这成为美国历史上最大的慈善捐赠行为。",[14,28,29],{},"在本次采访中，巴菲特讨论了他的童年、他的影响、他的家庭、失去妻子苏西、奥马哈、伯克希尔哈撒韦公司、商业建议以及他与查理芒格的友谊以及许多其他话题。",[14,31,32],{},[17,33],{"alt":19,"src":34},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fbuffett\u002Finterview\u002Fimages\u002Fimage_3665161525859665107.png",[36,37,39],"h2",{"id":38},"沃伦巴菲特的投资策略如何像传奇一样生活和投资完整访谈","《沃伦·巴菲特的投资策略：如何像传奇一样生活和投资（完整访谈）》",[14,41,42],{},[43,44,45],"strong",{},"视频时长：1小时40分钟，以下是完整的内容",[47,48,49],"h3",{"id":49},"开场",[14,51,52],{},"我很喜欢那场表演，不过一开始的时候是——呃——以我在华盛顿读初中时，大概是初二中段时期的成绩单作为开头的。从那之后，剧情就慢慢好起来了——或者说，是彼得让它变得更好了。每次我看他的演出，他总会稍微调整一些细节。",[14,54,55],{},"有一次我们在洛杉矶演出，我也参与了一下，我还带上了我的尤克里里。也不知道为什么，他后来就没再邀请我一起表演了。不过我很期待能继续去看他的演出。",[47,57,58],{"id":58},"我的社会意识",[14,60,61],{},"我想，我很多观念，可能都是从我父亲那里得来的。我们三个孩子都无条件地爱他，就像他无条件地爱我们一样。他从不会以任何说教的方式对我们讲话，但我们从他的一些言语中，尤其是从他的行为里，学到了很多东西。",[14,63,64],{},"他给我们传递的理念，是“每一个生命都有同等的价值”。从我记事起，这个想法就深深根植在我和我的两个妹妹心中。",[14,66,67],{},"有时候我会谈到“卵巢彩票”这个说法——其实，我今天能有这样的地位，更多的是运气。对我来说，最重要的一件事，是我来自谁——是谁生下了我。我拥有的父母，我的基因天赋——这一切都不是我自己决定的。",[47,69,70],{"id":70},"童年时期的奥马哈与种族隔离",[14,72,73],{},"我父亲曾经在饭桌上谈起过奥马哈那起著名的私刑事件，时间大概是在1920年前后，可能差个一两年。他当时亲眼看到失控的暴民场面。",[14,75,76],{},"后来，《奥马哈世界先驱报》还为此写了一篇非常著名的社论，探讨“暴民统治”的危险——我记得那篇社论好像还得了普利策奖，但我不太确定。我父亲常常在饭桌上告诉我们，暴民思维一旦主导局面，会造成怎样的后果。那场私刑当然是一个例子，但这种情形在很多地方也都适用。",[14,78,79],{},"在奥马哈时，我自己对种族隔离并没有特别清晰的记忆。",[14,81,82],{},"但后来我们搬去了华盛顿，我在那里上了爱丽丝·迪尔初中，离我们学校不远的地方——可能只有几个街区远——有一所黑人孩子就读的学校。实际上，我在那也交了一些黑人朋友，其中一个是送报纸的男孩，我和他关系不错。",[14,84,85],{},"我还曾在切维·蔡斯乡村俱乐部当球童，那里的球童就我一个是白人。幸运的是，我“不值一打”，没人觉得我值得打；如果像我这样的人多一些，也许麻烦会更多。但我确实亲眼看到了正在发生的事情。",[14,87,88],{},"在弗吉尼亚州的弗雷德里克斯堡，我也见过类似的场景。比如在电影院里，黑人和白人要坐在不同的区域。",[14,90,91],{},"这些事，从来都让我无法理解——它们一点道理也没有。",[47,93,94],{"id":94},"奥马哈的公平住房运动",[14,96,97],{},"嗯，嗯，我确实在这方面出过一点力，那是在六十年代，当时林肯市正在推动公平住房立法。我的妻子在这方面比我更积极。她一直在努力，参与了一个由三人组成的小组：一个犹太人、一个黑人，而她则是那个“白盎格鲁-撒克逊新教徒”（WASP）。他们一起到各个俱乐部、社区做演讲，传播公平住房的理念。所以在这件事上，她远比我更投入。",[14,99,100],{},"而我在精神上是百分之百支持她的，只是那时我自己更多地把精力放在了投资上。",[14,102,103],{},"在六十年代末，还发生了一件事。当时我打算加入一家一直以来都是犹太人专属的乡村俱乐部，这件事引发了不小的骚动，持续了好几个月。不过事情过去之后，一切也慢慢平息了。我原本所在的俱乐部曾拒绝接纳我的一位犹太朋友，这让我非常恼火，也正是因此我决定加入那家犹太俱乐部。",[14,105,106],{},"那是在1969年左右，当时的社会氛围和现在很不同。几年的时间之后，这种状况发生了显著变化。",[14,108,109],{},"我还记得棒球明星鲍勃·吉布森。他当时是一位极为出色的球员。奥马哈曾举办一个叫做“萨尔本舞会”（The Ak-Sar-Ben Ball）的活动，是个很重要的市民和社交盛事。以前，这个活动的场地——萨尔本礼堂——能聚集八千到一万人。然而，在那样规模的活动中，你看不到一个黑人面孔。",[14,111,112],{},"直到后来，他们终于邀请了鲍勃的一两个女儿来参与，这才成为一次重要的突破。那是在七十年代中期，是一个意义重大的转变。",[14,114,115],{},"当然，社会还有很大的进步空间，但我在自己这一生中，确实也亲眼见证了一些积极的变化。就性别平等方面，我看到的进展甚至比种族平等还要明显。我也亲眼看到反犹主义显著减少——几乎快消失了。也许现在那些仍然有那种想法的人只是不对我说罢了，但至少在公开层面，它已经不再像以前那样严重了。",[14,117,118],{},"六十年代，我是扶轮社（Rotary Club）的成员。有一天，他们让我加入一个秘密的会员遴选委员会，在那个过程中，我听到了一些让我震惊的话。我才意识到，就在1960年代的内布拉斯加，还有人会说“我们已经有够多犹太人了”这种话。那让我深感不可思议。",[47,120,121],{"id":121},"我从商学院毕业后的第一份工作",[14,123,124],{},"我从哥伦比亚大学商学院毕业的时候，我在那里有一位英雄人物——本·格雷厄姆。他在我人生的许多方面都给了我极大的帮助。当我刚进学校时，我就问他：“我可以无薪为您工作吗？”我其实是希望他一旦答应让我工作，之后也许会决定给我薪水。",[14,126,127],{},"但他告诉我，他的小公司只雇了六七个人，而且在当时的华尔街，存在着很强的偏见——华尔街当时是分裂的，有“犹太公司”和“非犹太公司”之分。有些公司，比如Loeb，大家都知道是犹太背景的；还有些公司，则完全被视为“白人基督徒公司”。",[14,129,130],{},"本说，由于他自己也曾亲身经历这种偏见，他觉得既然他们公司只有那么点职位空缺，而且到那时为止他们雇用的都是犹太人，那也就继续那样安排了。",[14,132,133],{},"于是我回到了奥马哈，开始卖股票。但我并没有就此放弃，一直不断地给他们写信、表达兴趣。几年后，他们终于雇用了我——我是他们雇的第一个非犹太人。",[47,135,137],{"id":136},"听马丁路德金的演讲","听马丁·路德·金的演讲",[14,139,140],{},"我还记得那次演讲，是马丁·路德·金在1967年秋天发表的。那是我听过最鼓舞人心的演讲之一。我多年一直试图找一份演讲的副本，终于在一两年前，一位现在在摩尔豪斯学院工作的朋友找到了，并寄给了我。",[14,142,143],{},"当我再次阅读那篇演讲稿时，发现它比我当年现场听时还要震撼。那是一场非凡的演讲。",[14,145,146],{},"我当然早就知道马丁·路德·金是谁，但“知道”他，和“亲耳聆听”他，是两种完全不同的体验。他的讲话让我当场起立，全身震动。我的妻子也在现场，我们当时有着完全相同的感受。",[14,148,149],{},"但可悲的是，六个月之后，他就去世了。他在那场演讲中提到：“真理永远站在刑架上，错误永远坐在王座上，但刑架将左右未来。”六个月后他真的殉道了，但正如他说的——那个“刑架”，确实改变了未来。",[47,151,152],{"id":152},"作为一个共和党家庭里的民主党人",[14,154,155],{},"可能是“基因突变”了（笑）。我是在一个非常传统的共和党家庭里长大的。家里吃晚饭时，我要是没说几句罗斯福的坏话，是不许吃汉堡的（笑）。我父亲是以共和党身份当选的，我和我姐姐还曾为他助选。",[14,157,158],{},"1960年，我还曾参加过共和党全国代表大会的代表竞选——虽然理由和传统的政治目的无关。直到我父亲去世之后，我才更改了我的党派登记。那时我觉得没必要早做这件事。但其实在他去世前的几年，我的政治理念就已经开始发生变化，并不是一夜之间的转变。",[14,160,161],{},"我曾是宾夕法尼亚大学“青年共和党人”俱乐部的主席，还计划在杜威当选那天骑着大象沿伍德兰大道游行。结果嘛……伊利诺伊的选票结果出来后，我的“高光时刻”也就没了（笑）。",[14,163,164],{},"我转变最大的是因为民权问题。我觉得，在那个时期，无论民主党还是共和党，其实对民权都不是特别在意。但我感觉民主党更有可能真正采取行动。",[14,166,167],{},"我觉得，非常荒谬的是，在这个国家建立近两百年后，种族不平等仍然存在。1776年，托马斯·杰斐逊写道：“人人生而平等。”可是在制定宪法时，他们却突然决定：如果你是黑人，你只能算“三分之一个人”。这听起来就像疯话。",[14,169,170],{},"而在宪法第二条第一款中，在描述总统时，他们使用的是“男性”代词，而在描述众议院、参议院或司法部门时，并没有这么做。这等于是他们在那一刻“露了真面目”，把他们真正的思想写了出来。想想看，这离独立宣言也才过去13年而已。真是令人惊讶。",[47,172,174],{"id":173},"关于投票给约翰f肯尼迪jfk","关于投票给约翰·F·肯尼迪（JFK）",[14,176,177],{},"我确实投票给了JFK，但我并没有积极为他助选。那时我父亲还在世，而我姐姐——我大姐——正在非常积极地为戈德华特（Goldwater）助选。她当时发起或参与了一个名为“为戈德华特献金”（Gold for Goldwater）的活动。所以，我们家其实像是有两个分支相互抵消的局面——一边支持民主党，一边支持共和党（笑）。",[47,179,180],{"id":180},"关于尼克松",[14,182,183],{},"说到尼克松，总有一些非常有意思的故事。1940年，我父亲第一次竞选国会议员，并在1942年成功当选。1946年，共和党赢得了众议院控制权，这是自1930年以来的第一次。",[14,185,186],{},"有一天晚上，共和党领袖乔·马丁来到我们家，他即将成为众议院议长。他告诉我父亲，由于共和党赢得多数，众议院美洲活动委员会（House Un-American Activities Committee）有一个空缺席位，并将这个席位提议给我父亲。",[14,188,189],{},"但我父亲说：“不了，谢谢。”他对那个职位不感兴趣。",[14,191,192],{},"于是乔·马丁转身找了一位新当选的国会议员——名叫理查德·尼克松——把那个席位给了他。历史，就是这样发展起来的。",[14,194,195],{},"我一直对政治非常着迷，政治人物更是令我感到着迷。尼克松是个非常有趣的人，他非常聪明，但最终却是自我毁灭。",[14,197,198],{},"我这辈子都很想读一本书——如果有人写出来的话——叫《为什么聪明人会做傻事》。我在金融界、政治界，甚至婚姻关系里都见过这种现象。为什么那些聪明的人，偏偏会做出愚蠢的决定？尼克松就是一个典型的例子。他最终毁了自己。",[14,200,201],{},"不过他也在财务上“帮”了我一把。我得感谢他，因为正是因为他，我才能以极低的价格买入《华盛顿邮报》的股票。",[14,203,204],{},"事情是这样的：尼克松鼓励BB·雷博佐（BB Rebozo）去挑战《华盛顿邮报》在佛罗里达拥有的两个电视台执照——分别位于杰克逊维尔和迈阿密。受此影响，《华盛顿邮报》的股价从每股大约37美元迅速跌到了16美元。",[14,206,207],{},"但即便那两个电视台执照真的被撤销，股票的实际价值也远高于那个价位。而事实上，那两个执照最终并没有被撤销。",[14,209,210],{},"所以，从经济角度来说，尼克松总统无意中帮了我一个大忙。正是他让BB去挑战那些牌照，我才得以用超低价购入那些股票。",[47,212,214],{"id":213},"关于凯瑟琳格雷厄姆","关于凯瑟琳·格雷厄姆",[14,216,217],{},"凯瑟琳·格雷厄姆是位了不起的女性。她是尤金·迈耶的女儿——迈耶是华尔街和华盛顿都非常有影响力的人物。他一开始在华尔街从很小的资金起家，后来一路做到非常高的位置。他曾是美联储主席，我想他也是重建金融公司（RFC）的首任负责人，也可能是世界银行的第一任行长。他确实是个了不起的人。",[14,219,220],{},"他有五个孩子，而凯瑟琳·格雷厄姆最终成了《华盛顿邮报》的继承人。尤金·迈耶在三十年代初买下了《邮报》，但这份报纸年复一年地亏损，一直到大约1960年与《时代先驱报》合并后，情况才有了改善。",[14,222,223],{},"凯瑟琳从小就因为母亲和丈夫的影响，对自己的商业能力和很多其他能力感到不自信。她心里一直有种观念，觉得男人在商业上或者任何与之相关的领域都比女人强。但她内心其实很有力量。",[14,225,226],{},"她丈夫去世后，她面临选择：要么亲自接手报纸，要么就退居幕后，只靠分红过日子。她咬紧牙关、强忍住膝盖打颤，决定亲自担起责任，接手管理《华盛顿邮报》公司。",[14,228,229],{},"在“水门事件”期间，她坚定支持报社主编本·布拉德利——那时很多政治人物都在反对他们，其他媒体也并未及时跟进。《华盛顿邮报》几乎是孤军奋战。最终，那场调查报道改变了整个世界。",[14,231,232],{},"实际上，在此之前的1971年，她也在“五角大楼文件”事件中做出过类似的决定。当时丹尼尔·艾尔斯伯格将机密文件交给了《邮报》，虽然《纽约时报》先拿到了资料，但后来因法律压力遭到限制，而凯瑟琳对本·布拉德利说的原话是：“刊登总统的事吧。”",[47,234,235],{"id":235},"展望未来",[14,237,238],{},"如果你只能在“回顾过去”和“展望未来”之间选择，相信我，选择“展望未来”。我从来不太执着于纠结自己的错误——那没有意义。你唯一能改变的，是未来。",[14,240,241],{},"我做的这个行业，本来就意味着会犯很多错误，这是这个行业的一部分。你必须继续往前走。当然，当凯·格雷厄姆去世时，我真的受到了很大打击，那是一个特别沉重的时刻。",[14,243,244],{},"我从来没有这么说过，但我想，现在说也很合适——我是一个“平等主义者”（I equal-itist）。我不认为任何人有理由把自己视作“精英”。当然，有些人可能天生智商更高，或者能把橄榄球踢得更远、跳得更高，甚至跳舞跳得更好。他们确实也会努力磨练自己的技能，但回到根本上说——每一个人都拥有同等的价值。",[14,246,247],{},"我完全有可能不是现在的我。1930年我出生那天，出生在美国的几率是大约40比1。我赢了“卵巢彩票”第一轮。更重要的是，我是个男性——如果我是女性，我的命运将会大不相同。再把这算作50对50的几率，那么总体来看，我出生为一个美国男性的几率是80比1。这一点在我的整个人生中都起到了极其重要的作用。",[14,249,250],{},"所以，如果因此我就认为自己比别人“更高贵”、“更优越”——那种想法对我来说完全站不住脚。我根本无法认同那种逻辑。",[47,252,253],{"id":253},"关于女性权利",[14,255,256],{},"说起来真是令人吃惊——第十九修正案直到1920年才通过，也就是说，我们用了很长时间才正式承认女性的投票权。",[14,258,259],{},"我生于1930年，我有两个姐姐，一个比我大几岁，一个比我小几岁。她们和我一样聪明，但她们在生活中并没有获得和我一样的机会。虽然没人明确说过什么，但那种差别是实实在在的。",[14,261,262],{},"我的父母当然平等地爱我们每一个人，但对我们的期望是不一样的。老师们也一样，他们都很善良，很乐意帮助我们每一个人，但他们在无意中传递的信息是：我姐姐的人生任务，是要“嫁得好”；如果她们选择去工作，那就应该去当零售店员、护士、老师，或者最多就是做秘书——就这些。",[14,264,265],{},"所以在美国，我们实际上让一半的天赋被边缘化。这个现实总让我觉得完全不合理。也让我意识到，自己作为一个男性，是多么幸运。",[14,267,268],{},"但从另一个角度看，也有些令人振奋。想想看，美国过去取得的所有成就，都是在只使用“半边天赋”的前提下完成的。那么未来呢？如果我们真正释放出全部潜力，那又将会怎样？我对美国的未来一直非常乐观，而部分原因正是因为我们现在终于在改正那些“愚蠢的错误”。",[14,270,271],{},"这些错误并不是经过深思熟虑后才做出的决定，它们其实是几千年来父权行为模式自然演变的结果。我们让一半的人才在一旁“坐板凳”。现在我们正慢慢走出那种状况，但还有很长的路要走。",[14,273,274],{},"对我个人而言，性别本不该有什么区别。但考虑到女性长时间以来一直处于劣势地位，如果在某件事上我面前有一个“50对50”的选择机会，我宁愿把机会给女性。",[47,276,277],{"id":277},"与最优秀的人为伍",[14,279,280],{},"我这辈子非常幸运，能在工作、生活、社交等各方面，自由选择与谁相处。我觉得，那种随便结交人的做法，是挺荒唐的。最理想的方式，是去接近那些比你更优秀的人。因为，你的行为会随着你周围的圈子而改变。",[14,282,283],{},"我经常对学生说：“找个比你优秀的人结婚。”虽然数学上每个人都“往上找”是不可能的（笑），但这背后的逻辑没错——你会向你身边人的方向靠拢。",[14,285,286],{},"既然如此，为什么不去接近那些最优秀的人呢？",[14,288,289],{},"我人生中有过不少“榜样型”的人物。能够和他们为伍，对我影响深远。如果我对自己交往的人毫无选择，也许我今天会变成完全不同的人，也不会有现在这样丰富而愉快的人生经历。",[47,291,292],{"id":292},"我的英雄",[14,294,295],{},"你问我谁是我的英雄——那就得从我父亲开始讲起。然后是本·格雷厄姆，接着是我的合伙人查理·芒格，凯·格雷厄姆当然也是。我的妻子们——无论是哪一段婚姻——对我也都是英雄般的存在。她们为我做了很多事情，而从不期待回报。",[14,297,298],{},"我很幸运，我的朋友们做十件事是出于真心，他们想着做第十一件，而不是想着从我这里能得到什么作为回报。我这一生中，从未有哪一位我视为英雄的人让我失望过。那种对你极其崇敬的人最后让你彻底失望的经历，我从未经历过，那会是非常痛苦的事。",[47,300,301],{"id":301},"关于忠诚",[14,303,304],{},"以我在商业上的合伙人查理·芒格为例，我们之间从不算谁做得多、谁做得少，完全不记账。这种精神在婚姻中也同样重要。",[14,306,307],{},"我还记得1951年1月的一个冬天，我遇见了一个叫罗默·戴维森（Lorimer Davidson）的人，他在GEICO工作。他花了四个小时和我谈话，毫无保留地教我那些后来彻底改变我人生的知识。他从我这里什么都没图——我当时是个周六跑去敲门的年轻人，一个清洁工最后才让我进去，而戴维森是办公室里唯一的人。",[14,309,310],{},"他用那四个小时给我上了一堂终身难忘的课。当你人生中遇到这样的人，那是莫大的幸运。",[14,312,313],{},"还有本·格雷厄姆，他从未向我索求过任何回报。他在哥伦比亚大学教书教了二十五年，培养的是他未来的竞争对手。他教书的目的就是“种树让别人乘凉”，哪怕他收了钱，也可能都捐回了学校。他的奉献精神，是无与伦比的。",[14,315,316],{},"我一生中遇到过不少这样的人，这是一种福气。",[47,318,319],{"id":319},"将智慧传承给下一代",[14,321,322],{},"我喜欢教学。所以说，如果有人说我在“牺牲自己”去教书，那是误解。84岁了，我每年还是会接待大约40所学校的学生，有些来自美国，也有些从国外飞来——像巴西、中国这些地方。",[14,324,325],{},"有一年我既接待了哈佛，也接待了加拿大的西安大略大学。",[14,327,328],{},"每年开学时我心里都在想：“这次还要继续做吗？”可只要我一开口，和学生开始互动，我马上就充满能量了。这实在太有趣了。你面前坐着一群未来还有无限可能的人，他们正在形成自己的观念和行为模式，他们求知若渴，有的甚至千里迢迢飞来见我。",[14,330,331],{},"老实说，我从中获得的，可能比他们还多。",[14,333,334],{},"我让他们自由提问，我会告诉他们：“尽管往我头上砸问题，别客气。”这样反而更有意思。如果只是轻松的“软球问题”，那我反倒觉得没意思。",[14,336,337],{},"我们可以谈投资，可以谈商业，但也可以谈慈善、婚姻、职业发展——什么都可以。",[14,339,340],{},"我记得有一次，有位来自芝加哥大学的年轻女性问的第一个问题是：“你是不是得是个‘女强人’，才能成功？”我想我成功地说服了她，不需要那样。我的猜测是——她现在应该混得不错。",[14,342,343],{},"所以说，教学真的带来非常好的感受。我从21岁起就开始教书，到现在依然乐在其中。",[47,345,346],{"id":346},"与学生对话的意义",[14,348,349],{},"我真的很愿意与学生交流。如果你让我去跟一群五六十岁的人说话，那他们通常只想要两样东西：预测和娱乐。他们不会改变自己的行为模式——太晚了。有人曾说过：“习惯的锁链在轻时无感，但等你察觉时已经重得难以挣脱。”这句话太对了。",[14,351,352],{},"当你到了那个年纪，什么“重大转变”已经不太可能发生了。但学生不同——他们还在成长中，他们的人生轨迹还可以被影响。",[14,354,355],{},"我确实收到了许多学生的来信，他们告诉我我们的对话对他们产生了实际影响。可能是他们决定要嫁给或娶一个什么样的人，或者说他们和伴侣在结婚前的沟通方式，甚至是他们如何选择职业、如何处理人际关系……各种可能性。",[14,357,358],{},"我不知道具体会产生什么样的变化，但我知道——真的知道——它确实带来了改变。而且对我来说，这也是一次愉快的经历。",[47,360,361],{"id":361},"人们看不见的一面",[14,363,364],{},"我工作中最艰难的事之一，是解雇一位经理人。伯克希尔·哈撒韦没有规定什么“65岁退休”之类的制度。所以，如果我告诉一个人“是时候退休了”，那他知道——这是我对他本人所作的判断。",[14,366,367],{},"这些经理人是我的朋友。我通常亲自告诉他们（虽然不是每一例，但大多数情况下都是我亲自来），尤其当他们是我朋友的时候——而大多数确实是。",[14,369,370],{},"说实话，我愿意付很多钱，只为了不必亲自做这种事。但这是我的职责。资本主义有时很残酷，自由市场体系虽然在整体上是最有效的，它能创造出前所未有的商品与服务，但它对个体、对特定的行业、特定公司来说，有时会是相当无情的。",[14,372,373],{},"而我有责任确保正确的人在管理企业。但有时候，哪怕曾经是“对的人”，也可能因为某些原因“耗尽了能量”。也有的情况是，某位经理人罹患阿尔茨海默症，或其他会严重影响工作的疾病。",[14,375,376],{},"我会坐飞机亲自去告诉他们，告诉他们——“你该退休了”。",[14,378,379],{},"这些时候，往往到最后，反而是他们在安慰我——因为我自己内心太难受了。这绝对不是愉快的任务。",[14,381,382],{},"但我必须做出这种艰难的决定。这是痛苦的事，以后也永远都会是痛苦的事，但它必须被做。",[14,384,385],{},"将来，也会有人来对我说这些话。我已经告诉我的孩子们：“当我开始变得糊涂的时候，你们要告诉我。”不过我补充了一句：“你们三个得一起说。如果只有一个人来，那我就把你从遗嘱里除名。”（笑）",[47,387,388],{"id":388},"内心的声音",[14,390,391],{},"哦，我觉得那其实大多时候是一种恩赐。因为这正是你在做决定时依赖的东西。我喜欢独自坐着思考，我花很多时间在这上面。",[14,393,394],{},"有时候确实没什么产出，显得没效率，但我依然觉得这种过程令人愉快。尤其是思考一些商业或投资的问题——这些问题相对容易。真正难的是“人”的问题。有些人际关系的困扰，是根本没有“好答案”的；但商业问题，几乎总能找到一个不错的解法。",[47,396,397],{"id":397},"沃伦如何衡量成功",[14,399,400,401],{},"在金钱这个话题上，我觉得对大多数人来说，有句话说得挺好——我记得这好像是伯特兰·罗素说的（虽然我后来试图查证，没找到原话）：",[43,402,403],{},"“成功是得到你想要的东西，而幸福是喜欢你所拥有的东西。”",[14,405,406],{},"如果要为“成功”下定义，我觉得很多时候可以从一个故事来理解：",[14,408,409],{},"奥马哈有一位波兰裔犹太女性，她在二战时被送进了集中营。那是纳粹时期的德国，她的一些家人也与她一同被带进去。她当时站在一个队伍里，而她的姐姐在另一个队伍里——他们不是所有人都活着出来的。她经历了极其可怕的岁月。",[14,411,412],{},"她大约在80岁时跟我说了一句话，当时我应该70岁左右。她说：“沃伦，我交朋友很慢。因为我每次看一个人，都会在心里问自己一句：‘他会不会藏我？’”",[14,414,415],{},"我认为，如果你到了65岁、70岁、甚至80岁时，有很多人愿意“藏你”，那你就是一个成功的人。",[14,417,418],{},"这其实换句话说，就是：有很多人真的爱你。如果你到了晚年，有人为你举办表彰晚宴，或捐钱把商学院以你命名，但没有人愿意“藏你”，那你其实是个失败者。",[14,420,421],{},"我确实认识一些非常富有的人，但他们的孩子连藏都不愿意藏他们。",[14,423,424],{},"所以，如果你在寻找衡量成功的标准，只需问自己一句话：“有多少人愿意在关键时刻藏我？”——这个问题，回答得出，就知道你值不值了。",[14,426,427],{},"我也认识很多人，可能一辈子没赚多少钱、没有名利地位，但身边有一大群人愿意为他们做任何事。我对一些人就有这样的感觉——那就是成功。",[47,429,430],{"id":430},"我不害怕死亡",[14,432,433],{},"不，我现在不害怕死亡了。我小时候，大概十岁的时候，曾经经常想这件事，但现在不会了。",[14,435,436],{},"我觉得自己过了一段非常精彩的人生。我知道死亡终将发生，而我也完全不知道死后的世界会是什么样。我是一个不可知论者，所以我不去妄下断言——死后可能非常有趣，也可能一点意思都没有。总之，到时候就知道了。",[14,438,439],{},"身体嘛——它迟早会累的。虽然我现在还不算衰老，但我知道，再过二十年，我可能也不再想多活多少天了。",[14,441,442],{},"眼下，我的84岁人生依然过得很愉快。但身体确实无法再像从前那样运作。幸运的是，这对我现在的生活节奏还没造成太大影响。但总有一天，它会变得不同。",[14,444,445],{},"而我并不想活着，只是为了“活着”。比如乔·肯尼迪那样的状态，我不希望那种情况发生在我身上。我不希望仅仅为了让心脏继续跳动，就被强行维持生命。",[14,447,448],{},"我已经告诉了我的孩子和我的妻子——不要让我那样活下去。只要我还能享受人生，就让我活着；但如果只是为了“存在”而活，那就不要了。",[47,450,451],{"id":451},"关于衰老",[14,453,454],{},"从身体上讲嘛，我差不多已经“折旧完了”，快到了“残值”阶段了（笑）。",[14,456,457],{},"但说真的，这并不重要。我的工作不需要手眼协调，不需要平衡感，也不需要体力。",[14,459,460],{},"我确实不如五年前那么有力气了。我还试着去打高尔夫，但现在一杆的距离，大概只有十年前的一半了。",[14,462,463],{},"不过这些一点也不妨碍我：不影响我的工作、不影响我的快乐、不影响我的思考，也不影响我和朋友的相处。",[14,465,466],{},"所以，我可以很诚实地说——至少在84岁这一年，我依然能享受生活，依然对生活充满热情。",[14,468,469],{},"我现在的身体，确实不如年轻时，但也说实话，我年轻时的身体也没多好，反正也不是个“海斯曼奖候选人”的料（笑）。",[14,471,472],{},"现在这场游戏——我所参与的这个商业游戏——实际上变得越来越有趣了，这是变老过程中最棒的部分之一。",[14,474,475],{},"不过也有难的部分，那就是你会失去越来越多的朋友。",[14,477,478],{},"这确实是件很痛苦的事。我上周又失去了一位好友，Keough，他是个非常棒的朋友。",[14,480,481],{},"除了这个——而这确实重要——但除此之外，我每天早晨醒来，都依然对新的一天充满期待，和我人生中的任何时候一样。",[14,483,484],{},"当然，我现在做智力测验肯定不如50年前了。我还是可以做一些心算，但比我二三十岁时慢多了。",[14,486,487],{},"我年轻时阅读更快，记忆力也更强——比如我25岁读一本书，我记得的会比现在读一本书多得多。",[14,489,490],{},"但反过来说，我现在对“人”了解得更多了。",[14,492,493],{},"所以在涉及人性判断的问题上，我现在其实比20多岁时强得多。",[14,495,496],{},"但要我现在去学一门全新的游戏，速度就不如当年了。",[14,498,499],{},"以前有个叫“Simon”的游戏，你要按不同的按钮。我四十年前玩那个还挺行的。",[14,501,502],{},"如果现在让我花一样的时间去练，我肯定玩不过当年的自己。",[47,504,505],{"id":505},"关于人类行为",[14,507,508],{},"我在“人性”这方面学到的东西太多了。很难一一细讲它的每个面向，但我确实见识过很多。",[14,510,511],{},"20岁时，我对人的理解还非常有限；而现在，我有了大量亲身的经验——特别是在商业这个相对特殊的领域。",[14,513,514],{},"我认为，现在的我在“极端人性表现”这块，判断力比过去好多了。",[14,516,517],{},"比如，如果你给我100个人，我可能挑不出谁是最适合管理一家公司的那一个；",[14,519,520],{},"就算这100个人都是顶级商学院的毕业生，我还是不能精准预测谁会是最成功的。",[14,522,523],{},"但如果是有人来卖他们的公司，或者我跟他们有些深层次的接触，我认为我现在在预测这些人之后的行为方面，有一定的能力。",[14,525,526],{},"我大致能判断出——他们在把公司卖给我们之后，会怎么表现；或者在其他场景中，他们会怎么做。",[14,528,529],{},"当然，我还是会犯错，但我已经比年轻时看得清楚多了。",[47,531,532],{"id":532},"对工作的专注",[14,534,535],{},"我从没后悔自己一直专注于所热爱的事情。我大概七岁左右就开始对股票感兴趣，六七岁时就对商业产生了兴趣。你说要是我当时专注的是国际象棋——那还不是被鲍比·费舍尔“按地摩擦”？如果我去搞高尔夫，那更是笑话一场。",[14,537,538],{},"但我很幸运，我很早就“误打误撞”地找到了一个我有天赋的领域。我之所以在这个领域做得还不错，一方面是因为我早早进入，另一方面是因为我始终专注。",[14,540,541],{},"当然，如果你每天花很多时间在某一件事上，那你就没法同时在别的事情上投入同样精力。",[14,543,544],{},"我从没学过滑冰，但我一点都不觉得遗憾。",[14,546,547],{},"每个人都可以选择把时间花在什么事情上——如果你足够幸运的话。而我是那种非常幸运的人，我几乎能完全掌控自己的时间表，这种自由我已经拥有了六十年，这种程度，恐怕没人能比。我很庆幸自己做出了这样的选择。",[14,549,550],{},[43,551,552],{},"做自己热爱的事",[14,554,555],{},"我每天早上醒来，都能从事我热爱的事业，而且是和我喜欢的人一起共事。几十年来都是如此。",[14,557,558],{},"比如我的助理黛比·梅森尼克，我世界上找不到比她更愿意一起工作的人了。",[14,560,561],{},"还有查理·芒格，我的合伙人，尽管他住在洛杉矶，但没有人我比更愿意和他搭档的。",[14,563,564],{},"我们的经理人团队也是我自己挑选的。",[14,566,567],{},"我可以决定怎么玩这场“游戏”，我也能决定谁来和我一起组队。",[14,569,570],{},"如果我跟某人共事时感到胃痛，那只能怪我自己——因为我完全可以选择不跟那个人合作。",[14,572,573],{},"我把我的生活安排得很自由，这正是我所在的行业允许的。如果我是在政府、政界或其他某些行业，那我没办法做到这些。但幸运的是，我在这个领域，我把它看作是一种“理想游戏”。",[47,575,576],{"id":576},"安静时间的重要性",[14,578,579],{},"我喜欢安静。我在办公室会关上门，不希望听到外面有人在说话。我喜欢读书，尽管我现在读书的速度不如年轻时快了，但我还是每天会花五六个小时在阅读或边读边思考上。",[14,581,582],{},"这就是我喜欢的生活。有些人个性不同，可能会喜欢完全不同的节奏和环境，但我知道自己喜欢什么，而且我努力为自己营造了一个让我能最大化喜欢的环境。",[47,584,585],{"id":585},"我头脑运作的方式",[14,587,588],{},"这些年来，我建立了一套非常实用的“过滤系统”，让我不至于浪费时间。",[14,590,591],{},"我总担心别人找我谈生意时显得我很无礼。因为通常在一两分钟内，我就能判断出这个机会是否会通过我的“过滤系统”——也就是说，它值不值得我深入了解。",[14,593,594],{},"可我也不想直接告诉他们“不感兴趣”，因为他们可能觉得：“只要你听我讲一小时，你就会明白我为啥这么看好这个项目。”",[14,596,597],{},"所以我养成了很多“快捷判断”的能力。每个人处理信息的方式不一样。我小时候能背出16支大联盟球队的先发阵容——当时每个联盟只有8支队伍，球员流动性也小。现在我一支都背不出来了。",[14,599,600],{},"但总有人记得这些，我只是收集的信息种类不同。我的大脑里也储存了大量信息，但它们集中在极少数的领域里。",[14,602,603],{},"我知道自己的“能力圈”在哪里——我会留在这个圈子里。我不会因为别人能在圈外有所作为而焦虑。我不会去嫉妒别人拥有我没有的技能，也不觉得自己因此不如别人。每个人都有自己的专长，我只需要专注在我的那一块。",[47,605,607],{"id":606},"我的能力圈","我的“能力圈”",[14,609,610],{},"我的“能力圈”（circle of competence）确实在这些年间有所扩展，但它从来不会变得“无所不包”。",[14,612,613],{},"所谓能力圈，指的是你真正理解并能做出判断的领域。比如，对于某些行业，我能理解它们未来的经济结构；而对于另一些行业，我就是理解不了。这种界限必须非常清晰——我得知道自己能力圈的边界在哪。",[14,615,616],{},"当然，随着时间推移，我可能会把这个圈子慢慢扩大一些，但它永远不会扩展到“什么都懂”的地步。",[14,618,619],{},"IBM 创始人汤姆·沃森（Tom Watson Sr.）曾经说过一句话：“我不是天才，但我在某些方面聪明，而且我只在这些地方待着。”这说的其实就是“能力圈”的概念。",[14,621,622],{},"我也一直这么看待自己。我合伙人查理·芒格常说：“拥有180的智商很好，只要你不以为自己有200就行。”",[14,624,625],{},"我见过无数聪明人，特别是在股市上，因为走出了他们的能力圈，最终把自己搞垮。他们之所以这么做，是因为他们知道自己很聪明，就错误地以为“聪明=懂一切”。",[14,627,628],{},"但真正重要的是要明确你在哪个“游戏场”里能发挥优势。定义清楚你的领域，是极其关键的。而我和查理，这些年来在这方面也算是逐渐练出了点本事。",[47,630,631],{"id":631},"关于美国商业中的贪婪与嫉妒",[14,633,634,635,638],{},"贪婪当然是个问题，但我认为，",[43,636,637],{},"嫉妒","可能起的作用甚至更大。",[14,640,641],{},"为什么人们会变得贪婪？举个例子，当你看到网络泡沫时期，你隔壁的邻居——明明你知道他没有你聪明——却因为碰巧买了些他根本不理解的股票赚了大钱，还买了辆新车。你心里自然会想：“他都能做到，我肯定也可以，我还比他聪明呢。”",[14,643,644],{},"有时候，这种比较甚至来自你家里人。比如配偶说：“隔壁的约翰都换新车了，你不是比他能干吗？”于是你就被推着往前冲了。",[47,646,648],{"id":647},"嫉妒是一种极具毁灭性的情绪","嫉妒是一种极具毁灭性的情绪。",[14,650,651],{},"我曾经在华尔街经营过一家投行，有段时间我们会给一些二十多岁的人开出几百万美元的年薪——这还是二十年前，那时的几百万可比现在值钱多了。他们一开始很开心，直到发现坐在隔壁的那位拿了210万，而他们只有200万。从那一刻开始，他们就不开心了。",[47,653,655],{"id":654},"嫉妒和贪婪常常混在一起但嫉妒更深更毒","嫉妒和贪婪常常混在一起，但嫉妒更深、更毒。",[14,657,658],{},"查理·芒格说过一句很经典的话：“在七宗罪中，只有嫉妒毫无正面价值。”",[14,660,661],{},"你说暴食——至少吃的时候还挺开心的；你说色欲——那也有点乐趣吧。但嫉妒呢？它只会让你自己难受，而你嫉妒的那个人，甚至根本不知道你在嫉妒他。",[47,663,664],{"id":664},"金钱如何塑造了我的性格",[14,666,667,668,671],{},"赚钱，对我来说就像是一场",[43,669,670],{},"游戏","。这是一场有竞争性的“大游戏”，而我非常享受这场游戏。",[14,673,674,675,678],{},"钱的确有它的用处，但那种实用性也就到某个点为止——我估计我30岁出头的时候就已经到那个点了。",[43,676,677],{},"超过那个点之后，钱对我来说没有实际意义，但“玩这个游戏”的过程依然非常有趣","。而且现在，这场游戏不仅让我开心，也能帮助到别人。",[14,680,681],{},"不过我得说，我之所以能赚这么多钱，是因为我刚好生在了正确的时代、正确的经济体系下，并且有适合这个系统的“神经线路”。我努力了，这确实是结果之一，但这并不说明我比别人“高尚”或“更伟大”。",[14,683,684],{},"我并不是那种能去《与星共舞》节目上跳舞拿前三的人——我如果参加，大概只能垫底（笑）。",[14,686,687,688,691],{},"这就是",[43,689,690],{},"纯粹的偶然","：我出现在正确的时间、正确的地方，并拥有一套适合赚钱的“大脑”。我早早意识到这一点，而我也很享受这场游戏。",[14,693,694,695],{},"而且，这是一个你可以玩一辈子的游戏。",[43,696,697],{},"这不像拳击或棒球，你不需要年轻的身体条件，年纪再大也可以继续“比赛”。",[47,699,700],{"id":700},"我小时候的样子",[14,702,703],{},"我小时候还算聪明，但也不是那种天才。我只是比较擅长我最终选择从事的领域。",[14,705,706,707,710],{},"小时候我每周只有",[43,708,709],{},"五分钱的零用钱","，而五分钱远远无法满足我的“消费欲”。所以我非常早就“下海”做生意了。",[14,712,713,714,717],{},"我想要赚更多钱，唯一的办法就是开始自己卖东西。我卖过可口可乐，挨家挨户推销，也卖过口香糖。还卖过《星期六晚邮》、",[43,715,716],{},"《自由杂志》","、《妇女家庭杂志》——你能想到的杂志我都卖过。",[14,719,720],{},"而且，我真的从中感受到乐趣。",[47,722,723],{"id":723},"关于奥马哈",[14,725,726],{},"我喜欢奥马哈。当然，在别的地方我也很自在，特别是东西海岸，因为我那边都有很多朋友。",[14,728,729],{},"而且从奥马哈飞去哪都很方便，三个小时左右就能到美国大多数地方。我喜欢见朋友，也喜欢外面世界的热闹。但奥马哈，是我真正意义上的“家”。",[14,731,732,733,736,737,740],{},"我住的地方离公司",[43,734,735],{},"只要五分钟车程","，我已经这样生活了",[43,738,739],{},"53年","。",[14,742,743],{},"我身边的工作伙伴是一群了不起的人，他们让我每天的生活非常轻松，也很照顾我。",[14,745,746,747,750],{},"我的孙子孙女现在读的高中，和我孩子读的是同一所，也是我妻子上的学校，甚至是我父亲和祖父当年读的——同一所城市公立学校。这所学校已经实现",[43,748,749],{},"种族融合75年","了。查理·芒格也曾是这所学校的学生。",[14,752,753,754,757],{},"这是一种",[43,755,756],{},"传承与延续","。一种很舒服的节奏，一种人与人之间的长久关系。我喜欢这种生活。",[14,759,760],{},"当然，我在其他地方见到朋友的时候也一样很开心。但奥马哈，始终是我最安稳的根。",[47,762,763],{"id":763},"我的日常作息",[14,765,766,767,770,771,774],{},"我的一天其实挺“随性”的，我没有固定的起床时间。通常我会在早上",[43,768,769],{},"七点前起床","，不过像今天，我",[43,772,773],{},"凌晨四点半就起了","，有时候醒得早，我就开始读书或看报纸。",[14,776,777],{},"我基本上会在家里先看几份报纸，然后再去办公室。像今天，我六点半就到了办公室，因为我起得特别早，把报纸都读完了，还是提前到了。",[14,779,780,781,784,785,788],{},"不过说真的，这并不重要，因为我在办公室或在家",[43,782,783],{},"都能思考同样的问题","。我几乎没有什么排得满满的日程安排——在我这种位置上，我大概是你见过",[43,786,787],{},"安排最少的人","。我就喜欢这样。",[14,790,791],{},"到了办公室，我继续读报纸、看邮件（我自己不发邮件，我的助理会整理转发给我，这样可以大大减少干扰）。我坐在那里，读所有这些材料。",[14,793,794,797],{},[43,795,796],{},"在伯克希尔，我们没有什么委员会","，没有什么“专门流程”。没有PowerPoint演示，没有公共关系部、没有投资者关系部、没有总法律顾问，也没有人力资源部。",[14,799,800,801,804],{},"我们公司在全球有",[43,802,803],{},"30多万员工","，按市值算，可能是全球第三或第四大公司。但我们从来不做那些纯粹是“形式主义”的事。",[14,806,807,808,811],{},"我有一个我喜欢的办公室，我就在那工作。有些日子我下午五点就回家了，有时是五点半、六点左右。周六我也会来办公室，但通常是",[43,809,810],{},"上午中段","过来。我经常和办公室里的几位同事一起吃午饭，通常会有四五个人在公司里。",[14,813,814,815,818],{},"如果那天有橄榄球比赛，我可能会",[43,816,817],{},"在办公室看球赛直播","。我看很多体育比赛，有时一边看比赛，一边翻阅其他东西。",[14,820,821],{},[43,822,823],{},"这正是我喜欢的生活方式。",[47,825,827],{"id":826},"关于专注的重要性","关于“专注”的重要性",[14,829,830,831,834,835,740],{},"大概是在1992年，那时候我刚认识比尔·盖茨不久。有一次我和他父母一起外出聚会，还有一些其他宾客，大概有20人左右。那时比尔的父亲请我们每人写下",[43,832,833],{},"一个词","，来形容",[43,836,837],{},"我们人生中最有帮助的品质",[14,839,840,841,844,845,740],{},"结果，比尔和我——",[43,842,843],{},"毫无商量","的情况下——都写下了同一个词：",[43,846,847],{},"专注（Focus）",[14,849,850],{},"我得说，我的合伙人查理·芒格是“专注”的极致体现。",[14,852,853,854,857,858],{},"其实你看看老虎伍兹也好，费德勒也好，或者任何一个伟大的钢琴家，他们都是一样的。他们能做到那样的水平，是因为他们每天投入",[43,855,856],{},"三四个小时甚至更多","，反复练习击球、弹奏、重复。",[43,859,860],{},"这就是专注的力量。",[14,862,863,864,867],{},"对我来说也是一样。我能够全神贯注地去做某件事，那是因为我",[43,865,866],{},"发自内心地热爱它","。你不可能长期坚持做一件你讨厌的事，就算能做，那也是机械式的，而不会让你真正出类拔萃。",[14,869,870,871,740],{},"这对我来说，不是一种“刻意为之”的行为。我从来不会对自己说“我要专注”，它就是我自然的行为方式——",[43,872,873],{},"从我小时候就是这样",[14,875,876],{},"其实孩子天生就会专注——你去看看棒球场上最好的八年级学生，那肯定是那个每天在场外多练几百次挥棒的；比尔·布拉德利曾跟我说，他每天投篮练习五六个小时，因为他觉得“可能有人也在练，但只练四小时”。",[14,878,879,880,883],{},"但他",[43,881,882],{},"享受其中","，而我也一样。",[14,885,886],{},"我对生活中很多事情都完全“感知缺失”。比如，我根本说不出我卧室的墙壁是什么颜色，地毯是什么颜色。",[14,888,889,890],{},"有一次我在家工作，我的工作间是在卧室边上的小缝纫房。后来我妻子贴了非常鲜艳的一种新壁纸，上面还有些美元图案。",[43,891,892],{},"两年后我才注意到，才跟她说：“这壁纸不错啊！”她回我：“已经贴了两年了。”",[14,894,895],{},"不是我色盲什么的——只是这种事根本抓不住我的注意力。",[14,897,898,899,902],{},"但另一方面，有些数字我可以记一辈子。我脑子里装的信息特别集中，比如查理·芒格、比尔·盖茨也是如此。我们都很容易",[43,900,901],{},"被自己热爱的事物彻底吸引","，然后对其他一切“屏蔽掉”。",[14,904,905,906,740],{},"这也让我在地铁或人群中变得“特别好相处”——因为你",[43,907,908],{},"几乎可以在我眼前干啥我都注意不到",[47,910,911],{"id":911},"从父母身上学到的教训",[14,913,914],{},"这个问题其实挺难回答的。",[14,916,917],{},"我成长于一个中产阶级家庭。",[14,919,920,921,740],{},"我父亲在1931年，也就是我出生一年后，",[43,922,923],{},"失业了，存款也全赔光了",[14,925,926],{},"最后是他朋友的父亲开了一家杂货铺，才让我们家能继续吃饭。",[14,928,929,930],{},"但即便如此，我父亲还是在一两年后又生了一个孩子。",[43,931,932],{},"他是个乐观主义者。",[14,934,935,936,740],{},"他一直强调要有一套“内在的评分卡”（inner scorecard）——也就是说，",[43,937,938],{},"别管别人怎么看你，你只要知道自己为什么这么做就够了",[14,940,941],{},"他非常喜欢读书，也有点内向。他喜欢人，但也喜欢安静坐着看书，或跟我们孩子聊天。",[14,943,944,945,948],{},"他是个",[43,946,947],{},"非常出色的老师","，虽然他可能自己没那么认为。但我们在他身边学到的，是他看待生活的方式——而这对我们来说非常有道理，久而久之，我们也开始用相同的方式去看世界。",[14,950,951],{},"他一直告诉我们：“重要的是你内在的评分卡，而不是外界的评价。”",[14,953,954,955,740],{},"在这点上，他可能比我们这些孩子都做得更好，但这个理念，",[43,956,957],{},"我们都听进去了",[14,959,960],{},"我母亲非常聪明，也非常关心我们这些孩子。",[14,962,963],{},"但她的成长经历非常艰难：她的母亲进了精神病院，一个姐姐后来也住进去了，另一个姐姐自杀了；她的哥哥是个超级聪明的人，但也在大约30岁时去世了。",[14,965,966],{},"所以她的生活一直非常艰苦。",[14,968,969,970],{},"她对我们非常负责任，总是尽心照料孩子们，但你感受到的爱，并不像从我父亲那儿那么直接、那么温暖。",[43,971,972],{},"她是爱我们的，但表达方式不同。",[47,974,975],{"id":975},"关于母亲的偏头痛",[14,977,978,979,982,983,986],{},"她当时应该患有我们现在所说的",[43,980,981],{},"偏头痛","。那时候或许还没有“偏头痛”这个正式的医学名词，但她确实会经历非常严重的头痛。",[43,984,985],{},"她头痛时，你绝对不想靠近她","，因为她在那种情况下会比较容易情绪化、发脾气。",[14,988,989,990,993,994,997],{},"她从不会在公众面前表现出这种状态，",[43,991,992],{},"但在家里，她情绪会很明显地爆发","。我母亲非常崇拜我父亲，所以只要他在场，",[43,995,996],{},"他就像一个稳定情绪的力量","。但问题是，白天父亲不在家，而我们那时候还只是小孩子。",[14,999,1000,1001,740],{},"所以我们都知道——",[43,1002,1003],{},"母亲一旦头痛，最好离她远一点",[14,1005,1006],{},"当然，我是可以对她表示同情的。她确实是一个有责任心的人，在别人面前展现出一种人格，在家里有时则是另一种样子。她不会让外人看到那一面。",[14,1008,1009,1010,740],{},"但她当时究竟承受着多大的身体痛苦，我无法确定。",[43,1011,1012],{},"很难准确评判她的行为背后的动机",[14,1014,1015,1016,1019,1020,1023],{},"我相信，这对我们三个孩子都造成了",[43,1017,1018],{},"深远的影响","。可能我们每个人都用不同的方式做出了",[43,1021,1022],{},"某种心理补偿","。就我自己来说，我一直觉得自己非常幸运，以至于哪怕曾经做错了一些事，最后似乎也都走向了不错的结果。",[14,1025,1026,1027,1030,1031,1034,1035,740],{},"比如我十三岁时经历了一段",[43,1028,1029],{},"很叛逆的时期","，但与此同时，我每天还在送",[43,1032,1033],{},"500份报纸","。一份报纸只赚一分钱，但如果你用“复利”的概念来看，那一分钱",[43,1036,1037],{},"最终变成了别的东西",[47,1039,1040],{"id":1040},"父亲是我一生中最伟大的人",[14,1042,1043,1044,1047],{},"我从来没见过父亲做过任何一件",[43,1045,1046],{},"不能登上报纸头版","的事。",[14,1049,1050,1051,1054,1055,740],{},"他大概是我所认识的",[43,1052,1053],{},"最好的老师之一——尽管他从来没试图去当老师","。我们三个孩子都在他身边长大，",[43,1056,1057],{},"我们都知道父亲对我们有无条件的爱",[14,1059,1060,1061,1064],{},"这并不是说他会纵容我们。",[43,1062,1063],{},"有时他会对我们感到失望","，但他表达的方式极其温和。他有他不赞成的理由，但他不会发火，也不会批评你，他只是用非常平静的方式说：",[14,1066,1067],{},[43,1068,1069],{},"“我知道你可以做得更好。”",[14,1071,1072,1073,1076],{},"就这么一句话，",[43,1074,1075],{},"足以让我们意识到自己做得不对","。我这辈子从来没听过父亲提高声音。但我们都知道，只要他表现出一丝失望，那对我们来说就是很大的触动。",[14,1078,1079,1080,740],{},"这种方式，对我们三个孩子都起了很深的影响，",[43,1081,1082],{},"尤其对我来说",[47,1084,1085],{"id":1085},"关于取悦父母",[14,1087,1088,1089,1092],{},"我不太在意是否取悦父亲，",[43,1090,1091],{},"我更想取悦的是我母亲","。当然，我想我们三个孩子都希望让父母高兴。",[14,1094,1095,1096,1099],{},"不过，说实话，我们其实",[43,1097,1098],{},"并不需要做太多就能让他们高兴","——只要我们尽了最大努力就好。",[14,1101,1102,1103,740],{},"我父亲从不会试图引导我走上某一条道路。他鼓励我去上大学——当时我其实并不想上大学——但他从没强迫我去做什么。他的内心或许希望我去做传教士一类的事（虽然他从未明说），但他",[43,1104,1105],{},"从不试图左右我人生的方向",[14,1107,1108,1109,1112],{},"包括我后来结婚这些人生选择，他也从未干涉。",[43,1110,1111],{},"他就是始终站在我这边","，这种感觉太棒了。",[47,1114,1115],{"id":1115},"关于出生于大萧条的命运",[14,1117,1118],{},"我出生于1930年，是在1929年股灾那段时间“被制造出来的”。我父亲当时是个股票推销员，到1929年11月，没人愿意听他推销股票了。于是，他只能待在家里。那时也没有电视机可看——所以，我就这么“诞生了”。",[14,1120,1121,1122,740],{},"从某种意义上讲，我的存在可以说是",[43,1123,1124],{},"股市崩盘的副产品",[47,1126,1127],{"id":1127},"父亲的坚韧与乐观",[14,1129,1130,1131,1134],{},"我父亲后来在那个时期心脏病发作——我不记得确切时间——但我知道他内心一直坚信：“",[43,1132,1133],{},"只要你尽了全力，一切终会好转。","”",[14,1136,1137,1138,1141],{},"他所在的银行在1931年8月12日——也就是他生日的前一天",[43,1139,1140],{},"倒闭了","。他在那家银行里有仅有的一点积蓄，同时还要每月还55美元的房贷。",[14,1143,1144],{},"但他并没有因此气馁。我是从他后来的言行中看出来的，也从别人对他的回忆中印证了这一点。",[14,1146,1147,1148,1151,1152,1156],{},"他在没有工作的情况下，选择",[43,1149,1150],{},"自己创业","。因为没有地方肯雇他，他便创建了一家公司——一开始叫 ",[1153,1154,1155],"em",{},"Buffett, Selenica & Co.","，可能是因为 Selenica 出了一点资金——因为我父亲自己已经没钱了。",[14,1158,1159,1160,1163],{},"那家公司一直是家小公司，我后来也曾在那儿工作过。",[43,1161,1162],{},"他从未赚过很多钱","，我们家没有会员制俱乐部、没有第二辆车——但生活始终过得不错。",[14,1165,1166,1167,1170],{},"大约在1936年左右，我们搬进了一所更好的房子，过着",[43,1168,1169],{},"中产阶级的生活","——这正是他想要的生活方式。",[47,1172,1173],{"id":1173},"乐观的遗传与影响",[14,1175,1176,1177,1180],{},"我父亲的乐观精神对我影响极大，因为我",[43,1178,1179],{},"对他的一切都非常钦佩","。我可能在不知不觉中吸收了他的很多“人生观”。",[14,1182,1183,1184,1187],{},"乐观这件事，有多少是天生的，我也说不清。但我确实有足够多的理由保持乐观：",[43,1185,1186],{},"我一直身体很好","——尽管我饮食像个六岁小孩；我一生中也拥有许多好朋友。",[14,1189,1190],{},"如果在这种人生条件下还不乐观，那一定是我出了问题。",[14,1192,1193,1194,740],{},"父亲不在乎钱——他只希望有足够的钱养家糊口而已。钱对他没什么意义。他反倒觉得我喜欢赚钱这件事有点好玩。但",[43,1195,1196],{},"他的乐观体现在：他坚信我们三个孩子都会有非常好的前途",[14,1198,1199,1200,1203,1204],{},"当然，那时候",[43,1201,1202],{},"社会对男孩和女孩的期望完全不同","。但我毫不怀疑——",[43,1205,1206],{},"他始终相信我会非常成功。",[47,1208,1209],{"id":1209},"我的童年",[14,1211,1212],{},"我小时候挺普通的——只是比大多数孩子更喜欢看书。我真的很爱看书。",[14,1214,1215],{},"我的视力其实不太好，但我那时并不知道。不过它也没妨碍我什么。",[14,1217,1218,1219,1222],{},"我喜欢体育运动，但我的水平",[43,1220,1221],{},"非常一般","。不算好，也不算差。",[14,1224,1225,1226],{},"打篮球、棒球之类的项目，",[43,1227,1228],{},"我从来不是第一个被选上的，但也不会是最后一个。",[14,1230,1231],{},"到了喜欢女生的年纪，我在那方面也挺“正常”的。",[14,1233,1234],{},"大约12岁时，我们搬去了华盛顿——那是因为我父亲当选为国会议员。",[14,1236,1237,1238,740],{},"这次搬家对我打击很大，",[43,1239,1240],{},"彻底打乱了我原本安稳的生活",[14,1242,1243,1244,740],{},"在奥马哈，我一切都进行得很顺利；而到了一个全新环境后，",[43,1245,1246],{},"我变得非常叛逆",[14,1248,1249],{},"虽然那段叛逆期没持续太久，但也足够长，让我的父母为我担心了。",[47,1251,1252],{"id":1252},"恶作剧学生时代",[14,1254,1255,1256,1259],{},"我在学校",[43,1257,1258],{},"完全失去了兴趣","，变得非常不合作。我特别喜欢“折磨”老师们。",[14,1261,1262,1263,740],{},"那时候老师们都喜欢买AT&T的股票作为退休金的保障，因为它每年派息9美元，被认为是",[43,1264,1265],{},"最安全的股票",[14,1267,1268,1269,1272,1273,1276],{},"我知道这点，于是有一天，我去",[43,1270,1271],{},"做空了10股AT&T的股票","，然后把交易凭证带到学校去",[43,1274,1275],{},"当着老师们的面晃来晃去","。他们靠这只股票养老，而我这个毛头小子在做空它——真的是个“讨厌鬼”。",[14,1278,1279,1280,740],{},"甚至有一段时间，我在英语课上被“隔离”到一个小房间里上课，就像《沉默的羔羊》里的汉尼拔·莱克特一样，",[43,1281,1282],{},"别人是从门缝里塞作业进来的",[14,1284,1285],{},"不过这也没持续太久。我父亲注意到了我的状态，说我可以做得更好。",[14,1287,1288],{},"他还可能威胁说：“如果你继续这样下去，就别送报纸了。”——那对我是件大事，于是我开始“收敛”了。",[47,1290,1292],{"id":1291},"离家出走计划","“离家出走”计划",[14,1294,1295,1296,1299,1300,1303],{},"那段低潮期时，我还计划",[43,1297,1298],{},"离家出走","。但我胆子小，于是",[43,1301,1302],{},"拉上了两个朋友","——约翰·麦克雷和罗杰·贝尔——一起跑了。",[14,1305,1306],{},"我们在华盛顿的威斯康星大道边上拦顺风车，第一辆停下的司机问我们：“你们要去哪？”",[14,1308,1309],{},"我们反问他：“那你要去哪？”",[14,1311,1312],{},"他说：“我要下地狱，你们要一起去吗？”",[14,1314,1315],{},"听完这话，我当场就“清醒”了——冒险之旅瞬间没了乐趣。",[14,1317,1318,1319,1322],{},"我们最终到了",[43,1320,1321],{},"宾夕法尼亚州的好时镇","，因为其中一个朋友说那里是“天堂”，还可以去好时巧克力工厂吃免费的巧克力棒。",[14,1324,1325],{},"结果，我们被州警逮了，带去了警局。我们当时还在撒谎说得到了父母的许可。",[14,1327,1328],{},"听着后面电传打字的声音，我们吓坏了，以为他们正在发出全美通缉令。",[14,1330,1331],{},"我们迅速逃离了好时镇，最终回到了华盛顿。",[14,1333,1334,1335,740],{},"罗杰·贝尔的父亲也是一位国会议员，而他母亲当时还住在医院里。为了这次“旅行”，",[43,1336,1337],{},"他把自己的战争债券都兑了现",[14,1339,1340],{},"他当时想去一所叫斯汤顿军事学校的地方，后来好像真的成行了。",[14,1342,1343,1344],{},"我一回家，母亲第一句话竟然是：",[43,1345,1346],{},"“你怎么这么快就回来了？”",[14,1348,1349,1350,1353],{},"这实在让我挺泄气的……那次就是我",[43,1351,1352],{},"最后一次离家出走","了。",[47,1355,1356],{"id":1356},"初到华盛顿的社交挣扎",[14,1358,1359],{},"当我从奥马哈搬到华盛顿时，我正读八年级。在奥马哈，我社交方面还算顺利；可一到了华盛顿，一切都变了。",[14,1361,1362],{},"那边的孩子在社交发展上似乎已经更成熟，我一下子脱节了。",[14,1364,1365,1366,740],{},"我总是班里最小的一个，因为我跳过一级。所以我很长一段时间",[43,1367,1368],{},"都跟不上节奏",[47,1370,1371],{"id":1371},"一段糗事回忆",[14,1373,1374],{},"后来我参加了高中六十周年同学会，在那里遇见了一个叫芭芭拉·威根的女孩。我们高中时曾经约会过一次。",[14,1376,1377,1378,740],{},"我问她还记不记得我们当时看的是什么电影，她说不记得了，但她记得",[43,1379,1380],{},"另一件事",[14,1382,1383],{},"我问她记得什么，她说：“你是开着‘灵车’来接我的。”",[14,1385,1386,1387,1390],{},"她说得没错。我当时",[43,1388,1389],{},"拥有一辆灵车的一半股权","——我们合伙买的。",[14,1392,1393,1394,1397],{},"对一个约会来说，这显然",[43,1395,1396],{},"不是最酷的交通工具","。我当时可能才10岁左右，那还是我们搬去华盛顿前的事。",[47,1399,1400],{"id":1400},"在祖父的杂货店工作",[14,1402,1403,1404,1407,1408,740],{},"我曾在祖父开的杂货店工作过。那家店是",[43,1405,1406],{},"赊账送货制","，总共配有七辆",[43,1409,1410],{},"橘色卡车",[14,1412,1413],{},"有个叫埃迪（Eddie）的人，是我们那里年纪最大的送货司机。我那时候大概只有10岁，是他的“跟车助手”。",[14,1415,1416,1417,1420],{},"顾客会打电话进来下订单，我的任务是",[43,1418,1419],{},"按照送货顺序“倒着”把货物装进卡车","，这样第一要送的货在最后面、最后要送的在最前面。埃迪会告诉我怎么装车，我也照做。",[14,1422,1423,1424,1427,1428,1431],{},"第一天，我们按他的路线出发了。",[43,1425,1426],{},"第一站是本森（Benson）","，接着第二站是",[43,1429,1430],{},"邓迪（Dundee）","，然后我们又回到了本森，再去中央大道（Central Avenue），然后又回到本森。",[14,1433,1434,1435,1438,1439,1442],{},"我实在受不了这样的路线了。我跟埃迪说：“埃迪，我虽然才10岁，但我觉得你这条路线",[43,1436,1437],{},"太离谱了","。让我重新设计一下路线，我们可以",[43,1440,1441],{},"少跑一半的路程","。”",[14,1444,1445],{},"埃迪听完，给了我一个非常不屑的眼神。我当时觉得他好像120岁了，其实他可能还比我现在的年纪小10岁。",[14,1447,1448,1449,1452],{},"他看着我，说：“沃伦，你难道不明白吗？",[43,1450,1451],{},"卡尔太太是这条线路上最漂亮的女人","，如果我们早点送到，她可能还没穿好衣服。”",[14,1454,1455],{},"然后他说：“柯德太太是第二漂亮的，所以我们也得早点到她那。”",[14,1457,1458,1459,1462],{},"我当时突然就",[43,1460,1461],{},"开始同情那条线路最后一位的太太","，因为按照埃迪的逻辑，她显然“状况最差”。",[14,1464,1465,1466,740],{},"这段经历让我",[43,1467,1468],{},"第一次意识到，在生意场上，员工的动机可能和雇主完全不一致",[47,1470,1472],{"id":1471},"童年的竞争心与拳击课","童年的竞争心与“拳击课”",[14,1474,1475,1476,1479],{},"我一直是个",[43,1477,1478],{},"很有竞争心","的人，但我也发现，如果你玩错了游戏，那竞争也没什么意义。",[14,1481,1482],{},"比如我十岁左右参加过一次拳击比赛，第一回合结束，我连拳套都举不起来了。",[14,1484,1485],{},"还好对手也一样累，俩人都差不多，比赛也就没啥悬念。",[47,1487,1488],{"id":1488},"家庭氛围",[14,1490,1491,1492,1495],{},"我们家不是那种很正式、很规矩的家庭。大多数时候，家里气氛还是",[43,1493,1494],{},"轻松愉快的","，但也有时候不是那么美满。",[14,1497,1498,1499,1502],{},"那时候大家都没什么钱，所以家里娱乐的方式也很简单。比如我们家经常会办",[43,1500,1501],{},"桥牌俱乐部","，招待朋友。",[14,1504,1505,1506,1509],{},"我从小就发现，",[43,1507,1508],{},"我和年长的人特别聊得来","，这点一直持续到了后来。",[47,1511,1512],{"id":1512},"我的少年时期",[14,1514,1515,1516,740],{},"我小时候很喜欢我父亲的朋友们。我还参加了教堂里的儿童合唱团，10岁或11岁的时候，每次去练唱回家的路上，我总会顺路停在十几户人家门前，和一些家庭主妇聊聊天——她们大多是通过我爸妈认识的。",[43,1517,1518],{},"那时候社交氛围很浓厚",[14,1520,1521],{},"我们家的地下室有一张乒乓球桌，父亲的朋友们来家里时都会跟我打几局。我乒乓球打得还可以，也赢过不少大人。家里还有一台小风琴，我妈妈会弹，大家经常在家里唱歌。",[14,1523,1524,1525,1528],{},"我爸妈都很虔诚，家里唱的歌几乎全是",[43,1526,1527],{},"教堂赞美诗","，所以现在我还记得不少那些歌的歌词。",[14,1530,1531,1532,1535,1536,740],{},"但老实说，那些宗教氛围",[43,1533,1534],{},"对我影响并不大","。虽然我小时候参加了邓迪长老会教堂的儿童合唱团，后来我和妻子结婚后还曾在那教堂里教过一阵主日学，不过我们那个班级气氛太活跃，笑声太多，",[43,1537,1538],{},"最后好像被“调岗”了",[47,1540,1542],{"id":1541},"不想上大学只想赚钱","不想上大学，只想赚钱",[14,1544,1545,1546,1549],{},"我16岁就高中毕业了，那时候我送报纸，",[43,1547,1548],{},"每个月能赚150美元左右","，而且只需要每天早上花几个小时就够了。",[14,1551,1552,1553,1556],{},"我还和朋友一起合伙经营",[43,1554,1555],{},"弹珠机路线","，也就是把弹珠机放在各种地方、赚点分成。我喜欢看赛马，也爱研究怎么投注。",[14,1558,1559,1560,1563],{},"我当时觉得生活已经挺完美了，",[43,1561,1562],{},"赚钱、炒股、看《华尔街日报》，每天做股票图表","，完全看不出上大学能给我带来什么新东西。",[14,1565,1566,1567,1570],{},"但我父亲",[43,1568,1569],{},"很温和地劝我去试一试大学","。我记得那时候还没有SAT考试，至少我没参加过。他可能都愿意替我去考试（笑）。",[14,1572,1573,1574,1577],{},"他建议我申请宾夕法尼亚大学的",[43,1575,1576],{},"沃顿商学院","，并说：“你去试一年，如果不喜欢可以退学。”",[14,1579,1580],{},"我同意了。一年下来，我成绩非常好，其实我在学校里的成绩一直是越往后越好的。",[14,1582,1583,1584,1587],{},"但我感觉自己学到的东西不多。",[43,1585,1586],{},"很多课是研究生来教的","，他们看起来也就比我多读一章教材而已。我问我爸能不能退学，他说：“再坚持一年试试看。”",[14,1589,1590],{},"第二年我还是觉得没太大收获，他这次说：“那你想干嘛就干嘛吧。”",[14,1592,1593,1594,1597],{},"于是我转学回了",[43,1595,1596],{},"内布拉斯加大学","。因为学分够了，所以我三年就完成了本科学位。我一心想早点毕业，早点投入到“真实世界”。",[14,1599,1600,1601,1604],{},"我这么说好像有点委屈这些学校，其实我确实学到了很多东西，特别是在内布拉斯加大学那一年，我觉得",[43,1602,1603],{},"学到的东西和沃顿相比毫不逊色","，虽然后者名声更大。",[47,1606,1608],{"id":1607},"误打误撞拿奖学金申请哈佛失败","误打误撞拿奖学金，申请哈佛失败",[14,1610,1611],{},"有一天，我在翻《每日内布拉斯加人》（校报），上面写着：“下午三点，在300号教室，评选研究生奖学金，奖金500美元，可以去任意你选的研究生院。”",[14,1613,1614,1615,1618,1619,740],{},"我按时去了，结果",[43,1616,1617],{},"我是唯一到场的人","。评审们还在等人，我提醒他们已经三点了，于是我",[43,1620,1621],{},"毫无对手地拿下了奖学金",[14,1623,1624,1625,1628],{},"我爸建议我申请",[43,1626,1627],{},"哈佛商学院","，他希望我这么做，而他希望的事情，我大多都会顺着做。他从不强迫我，但只要我知道他在意，我就愿意配合。",[14,1630,1631],{},"我申请了哈佛，对方安排我去芝加哥面试。于是我坐了10个小时的伯灵顿火车去芝加哥，又换乘一辆市郊小火车去了郊区的那所日间学校。",[14,1633,1634,1635],{},"面试只进行了10分钟左右。面试官基本上就是说：",[43,1636,1637],{},"“你还是考虑点别的吧。”",[14,1639,1640],{},"我又坐了12小时火车回家，一路上都在想：“我要怎么跟我爸交代？”",[47,1642,1644],{"id":1643},"幸运发现哥伦比亚大学的秘密宝藏","幸运发现哥伦比亚大学的“秘密宝藏”",[14,1646,1647],{},"幸运的是，一切还是有了转机。夏天我在奥马哈的一所大学上课时，随手翻了一本学校目录。无意间我看到了格雷厄姆（Benjamin Graham）和多德（David Dodd）的名字——他们在1934年写了一本被誉为“投资圣经”的书，那时是1950年，我完全不知道他们原来在哥伦比亚大学教书。",[14,1649,1650,1651,1654],{},"我注意到",[43,1652,1653],{},"多德现在是哥大商学院的副院长","——于是，命运开始转向了我真正的人生轨道……",[47,1656,1657],{"id":1657},"与哥伦比亚大学的缘分",[14,1659,1660],{},"我当时想应该是在哥伦比亚大学，于是我写了一封信给戴维·多德院长。我记得那大概已经是八月了，我在信里写道：“亲爱的多德院长，我原以为你们早就不在世了。但既然我现在知道你们还健在，我非常希望能来跟你们学习。”",[14,1662,1663,1664,1667,1668,1671],{},"结果他真的让我入学了。后来他成了我",[43,1665,1666],{},"非常好的朋友","，他常常请我吃晚饭，",[43,1669,1670],{},"对我就像对儿子一样","。那段经历真的太棒了。",[47,1673,1674],{"id":1674},"战胜对公众演讲的恐惧",[14,1676,1677,1678,1681,1682,740],{},"在哥伦比亚念书时，其实我一直",[43,1679,1680],{},"非常害怕公众演讲","。我不太记得是不是小学时经历过什么糟糕的事，但我知道自己就是害怕，一到台上就",[43,1683,1684],{},"紧张得想吐",[14,1686,1687,1688,1691],{},"所以我总是",[43,1689,1690],{},"逃避选那些需要演讲的课程","。只要不是站在台上我都没问题——日常说话我可以滔滔不绝，但一面对观众就不行。",[14,1693,1694,1695,1698,1699,1702],{},"后来我在纽约中城看到一个",[43,1696,1697],{},"戴尔·卡耐基的培训课程广告","，于是我报名了，也写了支票。但就在我搬进克莱蒙特大道那间每月租金10美元的小公寓之后，我",[43,1700,1701],{},"又把支票止付了","——我实在没有勇气去上那课。",[47,1704,1706],{"id":1705},"第二次机会终于报名了卡耐基课程","第二次机会：终于报名了卡耐基课程",[14,1708,1709,1710,1713,1714,740],{},"毕业后我回到奥马哈，那时候我只有20岁，要去",[43,1711,1712],{},"向五六十岁的人推销股票","，而我看上去甚至不像20岁。那让我意识到，",[43,1715,1716],{},"必须学会公众演讲",[14,1718,1719,1720,1723,1724,1727],{},"我又看到一个广告，这次是在奥马哈16街的罗马饭店，同样是戴尔·卡耐基的课程。我下定决心，拿出",[43,1721,1722],{},"100美元现金","报了名。对我来说，那时候",[43,1725,1726],{},"拿出100美元现金可是大事","——意味着我这次绝不会反悔。",[14,1729,1730],{},"这门课是由沃尔特·基南教的——我当时还不认识他，后来他成了我非常要好的朋友，也是我投资合伙企业的合伙人之一。",[14,1732,1733,1734,1737,1738,740],{},"班里大概有30个人，我们一开始连自己的名字都说不出来。他们让我们做各种",[43,1735,1736],{},"看起来很疯狂的事情来打破心理障碍","，比如站在桌子上讲话之类的。",[43,1739,1740],{},"但确实有效",[14,1742,1743,1744,1747,1748,740],{},"课程一结束，我就立刻去",[43,1745,1746],{},"奥马哈大学申请教学职位","，因为我想继续锻炼自己站在观众面前的能力。也正因为如此，",[43,1749,1750],{},"我现在一开口就停不下来",[47,1752,1754],{"id":1753},"卡耐基课上的奖品与求婚","卡耐基课上的“奖品”与求婚",[14,1756,1757],{},"那门课里，每周会颁一支铅笔给在过去一周“进步最大”的学员。",[14,1759,1760,1761,740],{},"在某一周，我在课上讲了我刚刚向我未来的妻子求婚，而且她答应了这个故事，",[43,1762,1763],{},"于是我赢得了那支铅笔",[47,1765,1766],{"id":1766},"与妻子的相识与影响",[14,1768,1769,1770,1773,1774,740],{},"我们结婚时，她19岁，我21岁。",[43,1771,1772],{},"但她的成熟程度远远超过我","。在我看来，她",[43,1775,1776],{},"帮我重新组合了我自己",[14,1778,1779],{},"我在很多方面都很擅长——尤其是商业方面——但在某些性格上，我很不平衡。到现在我仍然在某些方面不对称，不过现在这些不对称是我喜欢的。",[14,1781,1782],{},"而那时我身上的某些“歪斜”，我自己都不喜欢。",[14,1784,1785,1786,1789,1790,740],{},"她就像拿着",[43,1787,1788],{},"一个小小的浇水壶","，一点点地滋养我、修复我。如果没有她，",[43,1791,1792],{},"我什么都成不了",[14,1794,1795,1796,740],{},"她非常有同理心，从不轻易评判别人。并不是说她没有标准，而是她",[43,1797,1798],{},"不会用带偏见的方式看待任何人",[14,1800,1801,1802],{},"她始终相信——",[43,1803,1804],{},"每个人在道德上都与其他人平等。",[47,1806,1807],{"id":1807},"她对每个人都充满兴趣与共情",[14,1809,1810],{},"她对每一个人都是真正感兴趣的。我们有一次去西雅图看一场橄榄球赛——华盛顿大学对阵内布拉斯加队。",[14,1812,1813],{},"中场休息时，我下楼去买热狗和可乐，她也跟着我一起去。当时排队的人只有三四个，我很快就拿到东西回来了。她站在旁边等我，旁边还有一位女士。",[14,1815,1816,1817,1134],{},"那位女士正对她说：“",[43,1818,1819],{},"我这辈子从没跟任何人说过这些话……",[14,1821,1822,1823,1826],{},"我很确定——",[43,1824,1825],{},"那位女士在我去买热狗的时候还不在那","，可短短几分钟，她就跟苏茜（我妻子）打开了心扉。",[14,1828,1829,1832],{},[43,1830,1831],{},"人们就是会自然而然地向她敞开心扉","。她可能是我一生中见过的，被最多人认为是“我最好的朋友”的那个人。",[47,1834,1836],{"id":1835},"我是个工作狂她是孩子们的灵魂人物","我是个工作狂，她是孩子们的灵魂人物",[14,1838,1839,1840,1843],{},"我当时非常专注于我的工作，",[43,1841,1842],{},"完全沉浸在事业中","。所以在抚养孩子方面，几乎全靠她在做。这其实也挺好——孩子们身上更多继承了她的特质而不是我的，我觉得这比什么都重要。",[14,1845,1846,1847],{},"我还记得，我曾告诉我父亲：",[43,1848,1849],{},"“别在遗嘱里留我任何东西，我不需要这些钱。”",[14,1851,1852],{},"我早就知道自己将来一定能变得富有，所以我让他把一切都留给我的姐妹们。",[14,1854,1855,1856,740],{},"后来，我成了我母亲和姐妹的受托人。但在家里，",[43,1857,1858],{},"我从来不是那个“中心人物”",[47,1860,1861],{"id":1861},"父亲去世后的转变",[14,1863,1864,1865,1868],{},"父亲去世后，我的",[43,1866,1867],{},"政治态度才开始变得更公开","。他去世时才60岁，我那时33岁。虽然这是件大事，但我的生活并没有因此发生剧烈变化。",[14,1870,1871,1872,740],{},"我们一家人都住在奥马哈，离苏茜的父母家只有一个半街区，离我父母家也就两英里。我们和亲人们生活在很近的距离，",[43,1873,1874],{},"彼此非常亲密",[47,1876,1878],{"id":1877},"教育孩子的方式像我父亲那样做","教育孩子的方式：像我父亲那样做",[14,1880,1881],{},"我不是那种很严厉的家长。这并不是我刻意为之，而是出于本能。我一直尝试以我父亲对待我的方式来对待我的孩子。",[14,1883,1884,1885,1888],{},"我父亲从来没有逼我做任何事，而是",[43,1886,1887],{},"无条件地支持我做我热爱的事","，我非常感激。",[14,1890,1891,1892,1895],{},"我有三个性格迥异的孩子，但他们都有一个",[43,1893,1894],{},"共同的内核","——那是他们母亲给予他们的。",[14,1897,1898],{},"我从未想过他们必须来接管伯克希尔·哈撒韦，或者必须从事我从事的事业。",[14,1900,1901,740],{},[43,1902,1903],{},"那太荒唐了",[14,1905,1906],{},"他们每个人都有自己独特的才能。我一个儿子是农夫，而我对体力劳动一点兴趣也没有；所以，我也不会要求他们来做我做的事。",[14,1908,1909],{},"我能给予他们的，是我从父亲那里继承来的那些“好的一面”——尽管我并没有刻意为之。",[47,1911,1913],{"id":1912},"婚姻的本质爱与敬","婚姻的本质：爱与敬",[14,1915,1916,1917,1920,1921,1924,1925,1928],{},"我们的方式很适合我们——虽然",[43,1918,1919],{},"不一定适合每一对夫妻","。我们彼此深爱，也彼此敬重。我们完全支持对方做的一切，但我们始终是",[43,1922,1923],{},"两个不同的个体","。孩子们最终做出自己的选择，成为自己独立的人——",[43,1926,1927],{},"我支持他们，也希望他们如此","。这对我来说，从不困难。",[47,1930,1932],{"id":1931},"关于爱的理解","关于“爱”的理解",[14,1934,1935],{},"这让我想起了奥斯卡·汉默斯坦的一句话：",[22,1937,1938,1941,1944,1947],{},[14,1939,1940],{},"“钟不是钟，除非你让它响；",[14,1942,1943],{},"歌不是歌，除非你开口唱；",[14,1945,1946],{},"爱不是为藏在心里才存在——",[14,1948,1949,1950,1442],{},"爱不是爱，",[43,1951,1952],{},"直到你把它给予别人",[14,1954,1955,1958],{},[43,1956,1957],{},"“爱”是一种奇特的东西","。你越试图把它送出去，就会收获越多；你越想死死抓住它，反而会失去它。",[14,1960,1961],{},"这个世界上也许还有其他类似的东西，但我一时还真想不出。",[47,1963,1964],{"id":1964},"关于人的洞察",[14,1966,1967,1968,1971,1972,1975],{},"如果你够敏感，又活得够久，经历了各式各样的人和事——那你一定能学到很多关于",[43,1969,1970],{},"人性","和",[43,1973,1974],{},"行为模式","的东西。",[47,1977,1978],{"id":1978},"关于失去亲人和朋友后的恢复",[14,1980,1981,1982,1985,1986,740],{},"你问我怎么从父亲去世中恢复过来，或者其他人的去世——比如一位非常要好的朋友",[43,1983,1984],{},"就在一周前去世","。其实，",[43,1987,1988],{},"你只能继续往前走",[14,1990,1991,1992,740],{},"苏茜（我已故的妻子）在这方面做得比任何人都多。她陪伴过的临终者可能比任何非医护人员都多。她",[43,1993,1994],{},"帮助人们走完人生最后一程",[14,1996,1997,1998,2001],{},"她曾陪伴",[43,1999,2000],{},"乔·罗森菲尔德","去世，他是我的英雄之一，也是她的英雄。他活到90多岁，是个了不起的人，是个任何人都能效仿的榜样。",[14,2003,2004,2005,2008,2009,740],{},"到他去世时，",[43,2006,2007],{},"妻子和孩子都已不在了","。是苏茜陪在他身边，直到最后一刻。像这样的事情，她做了",[43,2010,2011],{},"几十次",[47,2013,2014],{"id":2014},"阿斯特丽德的陪伴",[14,2016,2017],{},"阿斯特丽德（Astrid）陪伴我已经很多年了。",[14,2019,2020],{},"苏茜“重塑”了我，而阿斯特丽德则一直“维系”着我，她至今都在做这件事。",[14,2022,2023,2024,2027],{},"她照顾我，不只是生活上，而是",[43,2025,2026],{},"全方位的照顾","。她对我而言，是任何人都无法替代的存在。",[47,2029,2031],{"id":2030},"桥牌终生的精神游戏","桥牌：终生的精神游戏",[14,2033,2034,2035,740],{},"在我看来，桥牌是除了商业之外",[43,2036,2037],{},"最有趣的心理游戏",[14,2039,2040,2041,2044,2045,740],{},"你每隔七八分钟就要打一副新牌。你永远不会拿到一模一样的手牌，但",[43,2042,2043],{},"每一次打牌的经验都会帮助你判断下一副牌","。而且，这是一项需要搭档的游戏，",[43,2046,2047],{},"搭档之间的默契至关重要",[14,2049,2050,2051,2054],{},"每一次叫牌，每一张打出的牌，甚至",[43,2052,2053],{},"你选择不打的那张牌","，都会透露信息。",[14,2056,2057,2058,740],{},"这是个极其迷人的游戏。我并不是顶尖高手，但我非常享受它。它对大脑的锻炼没有比这更好的了，我希望",[43,2059,2060],{},"一直打到100岁",[14,2062,2063,2064,2067,2068,740],{},"现在我",[43,2065,2066],{},"每周大概花10个小时","在电脑上打桥牌，",[43,2069,2070],{},"每一分钟都享受其中",[47,2072,2074],{"id":2073},"关于节俭与花钱的态度","关于“节俭”与花钱的态度",[14,2076,2077,2078,2081],{},"我并不是那种特别节俭的人。我",[43,2079,2080],{},"想买什么就买什么","，如果我认为花200美元吃顿大餐比吃个汉堡更有意思，那我就会去吃那顿大餐。",[14,2083,2084,2085,2088,2089,740],{},"不过，周日我经常带",[43,2086,2087],{},"孩子、孙子、重孙","出去吃饭——我有9个重孙，其中7个住在奥马哈这边。我们通常去",[43,2090,2091],{},"Dairy Queen",[14,2093,2094,2095,740],{},"我们不是因为伯克希尔拥有Dairy Queen才去那里，也不是因为便宜。",[43,2096,2097],{},"我们是真的喜欢他们家的食物",[14,2099,2100,2101,740],{},"说真的，从我15岁之后开始，我",[43,2102,2103],{},"几乎没有否定过自己想要的东西",[14,2105,2106,2107,2110,2111,2114],{},"飞机对我来说是非常有用的工具，它能让我去做很多",[43,2108,2109],{},"否则做不到的事情","。它很舒适，能节省大量时间。至于价格，",[43,2112,2113],{},"钱对我已经没有意义","。如果我花100万美元能换来真正的价值，我会毫不犹豫地花。",[47,2116,2118],{"id":2117},"钱的局限买不到爱","钱的局限：买不到爱",[14,2120,2121,2122,740],{},"钱可以买到性、可以买到名声——你捐一大笔钱可以让建筑物以你命名，但",[43,2123,2124],{},"你买不到爱",[14,2126,2127,2128,740],{},"钱可以买来表面上的颁奖、感人肺腑的颂词，但真正重要的事物，",[43,2129,2130],{},"钱买不到",[14,2132,2133,2134,2137,2138,740],{},"现在对我来说，",[43,2135,2136],{},"真正需要花钱的东西已经很少","。飞机是其中之一。但像是拥有多处房产？",[43,2139,2140],{},"那只会让我生活更麻烦",[14,2142,2143,2144,740],{},"我有很多朋友有好几栋房子，但他们最终变得像酒店管理员一样，整天考虑谁住哪、安排好各种琐事。",[43,2145,2146],{},"我不想过那样的日子",[47,2148,2149],{"id":2149},"关于慈善的早期讨论",[14,2151,2152],{},"我和我的第一任妻子苏茜，在二十几岁时，就开始讨论将来要怎么用我们赚到的钱。",[14,2154,2155,2156,740],{},"我当时总对她说：“我会赚很多钱。”她会笑着哄我，虽然她其实",[43,2157,2158],{},"并不在乎钱",[14,2160,2161,2162,2165],{},"但她大多时候都相信我，她愿意信我说的话。我们在很早的时候就",[43,2163,2164],{},"设立了一个基金会","，那是五十多年前的事了——我们那时候就已经知道：",[22,2167,2168],{},[14,2169,2170],{},[43,2171,2172],{},"“钱是工具，我们希望它最终能做些有意义的事。”",[47,2174,2175],{"id":2175},"关于慈善捐赠与家庭财富观",[14,2177,2178,2179,2182,2183,2186],{},"我前几天翻了翻以前的记录，发现我们是在",[43,2180,2181],{},"1964年设立了慈善基金","。我们早就说好，如果我真的赚了很多钱——我当时非常相信我会赚到——那我们最终会",[43,2184,2185],{},"把这些钱捐出去","。我们自己生活上会有我们想要的一切，但除此之外，钱应该用于更大的用途。",[14,2188,2189,2190,2193,2194,2197],{},"我们也打算",[43,2191,2192],{},"留给孩子们足够的财富","，让他们“可以做任何事，但不能什么都不做”。这是",[43,2195,2196],{},"凯瑟琳·格雷厄姆","跟我说的一句话，确实很有道理。你如果很富有，让孩子一贫如洗当然不妥，但让他们一辈子不需要努力也同样荒唐。",[14,2199,2200,2201,2204,2205,2208,2209,2212],{},"所以这些年我们给了孩子一些钱，但我一生中",[43,2202,2203],{},"自己花的钱、妻子花的钱、孩子花的钱","，加起来不到我赚的钱的",[43,2206,2207],{},"1%","。剩下的",[43,2210,2211],{},"99%以上都将捐出去","，因为那些钱对我没什么用，而我的孩子也已经拥有他们所需的一切。",[47,2214,2215],{"id":2215},"孩子们经营自己的基金会",[14,2217,2218,2219,2222],{},"我的每个孩子都",[43,2220,2221],{},"独立运营一个基金会","，我为这些基金会提供资金，他们做得非常出色。他们按自己的方式工作，也很努力，过着相对正常的生活。我几年前给了他们一些飞机使用权，但只是少量，并不足以让他们“飘起来”。",[14,2224,2225,2226,2229],{},"我对我们家庭对待金钱的方式感到非常满意。一开始我想着自己把钱积累起来——就像个",[43,2227,2228],{},"复利机器","，然后她（苏茜）把这些钱用于慈善。",[14,2231,2232,2233,2236],{},"她比我年轻几岁，女性又通常更长寿，所以我一直认为未来会由她来执行慈善计划，这比我在年轻时就捐出几百万更划算。",[43,2234,2235],{},"我擅长让钱增长，她擅长将它用好","，所以我们一拍即合。",[14,2238,2239,2240,2243,2244,740],{},"但她在十年前去世，我的计划也随之改变。她曾管理那个基金会，并捐出了不少钱。早年我给过她两万二的私房钱——她留下的遗产最终是",[43,2241,2242],{},"30亿美元","，其中",[43,2245,2246],{},"97%或98%都进入了基金会",[47,2248,2250],{"id":2249},"现有的五个基金会与捐赠誓言","现有的五个基金会与“捐赠誓言”",[14,2252,2253,2254,2257,2258,2261,2262,2265,2266,740],{},"我现在将财产捐给",[43,2255,2256],{},"五个基金会","，其中最大的一个是",[43,2259,2260],{},"比尔与梅琳达·盖茨基金会","。但我也为",[43,2263,2264],{},"三个孩子的基金会","分别增加了捐赠，每年每个基金会大概可以收到",[43,2267,2268],{},"接近1.5亿美元的伯克希尔股票",[14,2270,2271,2272,2275],{},"这些基金会必须持续花钱，并且用得好。还有",[43,2273,2274],{},"最初在1964年设立的苏珊·巴菲特基金会","，它也拥有相当可观的资金。",[14,2277,2278,2279,2282],{},"我很欣慰这些钱被用于让我认可的事情上，比如“每一个生命都具有平等价值”",[43,2280,2281],{},"。这些钱对我没有用，也无法让我更幸福；反而，如果要我为钱去做不喜欢的事，它可能让我痛苦。但对别人来说，只要","用得其所，就可以产生巨大价值。",[14,2284,2285,2286,740],{},"所以，这一切的安排，",[43,2287,2288],{},"完全符合我们60年前就立下的初衷",[47,2290,2291],{"id":2291},"批发式慈善与捐赠誓言的影响",[14,2293,2294,2295,2298,2299,2302],{},"我是以一种“批发方式”在捐钱，而我姐姐",[43,2296,2297],{},"多丽丝","则是做“零售慈善”。她每天都在花时间一件件地处理请求——不是都批，但她会",[43,2300,2301],{},"认真评估并提供帮助","，不仅给钱，也做他们的朋友。",[14,2304,2305,2306,2309],{},"但用这种方式处理我拥有的财富几乎是不可能的，所以我需要",[43,2307,2308],{},"大规模地安排捐赠","。这也是“捐赠誓言”（Giving Pledge）的背景：让更多超级富豪加入到捐赠行动中。",[14,2311,2312,2313,2316,2317,2320],{},"我和比尔（盖茨）以及梅琳达合作推动这个想法，我们发现许多超级富豪",[43,2314,2315],{},"其实非常愿意谈论慈善和家庭","——只是平时没人跟他们谈。第一次的聚会是",[43,2318,2319],{},"在大卫·洛克菲勒家里","办的，我们请了一些名人，他们在饭桌上分享自己为何捐赠，一说就说了两个小时。",[14,2322,2323],{},"这些人本来就是倾向慈善的，但这个平台让他们做得更多、更快、更明确。有些家庭里，是孩子劝说父母加入的，非常感人。",[47,2325,2327],{"id":2326},"关于财富投资与美国制度的优势","关于财富、投资与美国制度的优势",[14,2329,2330,2331,2334,2335,2338,2339,2342,2343,740],{},"其实，",[43,2332,2333],{},"你若是生在美国，那就已经赢了一大半","。赚钱最重要的是时间——我之所以财富巨大，靠的是",[43,2336,2337],{},"长期的复利","。从1900年到现在，道琼斯指数从",[43,2340,2341],{},"66点涨到11400点","，经历了大萧条、世界大战、瘟疫……但这个国家",[43,2344,2345],{},"有“顺风”在吹",[14,2347,2348,2349,2352],{},"只要你买入市场的一部分（比如指数基金），",[43,2350,2351],{},"少交手续费、坚持长期持有","，你就能做好。试图频繁买卖、选股、预测市场的人，反而不如什么都不做的人表现好。",[47,2354,2355],{"id":2355},"伯克希尔的成长与美国的伟大",[14,2357,2358,2359,2362,2363,740],{},"1965年5月10日，我正式接管伯克希尔·哈撒韦。那时它只是家",[43,2360,2361],{},"濒临倒闭的纺织厂","，但一步一步，我们做到了今天的规模。这是一条漫长的路，没有哪一天看起来像是在“大跨步”，但",[43,2364,2365],{},"复利会让每一天的努力积累成巨大的成果",[14,2367,2368,2369,2372,2373,740],{},"如果你回头看看美国的发展，从1776年基本什么都没有，到现在拥有",[43,2370,2371],{},"全球25%的GDP","，这是奇迹。不是因为我们比以前更聪明或者更努力，而是因为我们有一个",[43,2374,2375],{},"真正有效的制度",[14,2377,2378,2379,2382],{},"中国也是很好的例子。40年前他们开始调整制度，",[43,2380,2381],{},"释放人口潜能","，现在也飞速前进。所以我相信，美国不能被阻止，世界也一样。",[14,2384,2385],{},"（全）",{"title":19,"searchDepth":2387,"depth":2387,"links":2388},2,[2389],{"id":38,"depth":2387,"text":39,"children":2390},[2391,2393,2394,2395,2396,2397,2398,2399,2400,2401,2402,2403,2404,2405,2406,2407,2408,2409,2410,2411,2412,2413,2414,2415,2416,2417,2418,2419,2420,2421,2422,2423,2424,2425,2426,2427,2428,2429,2430,2431,2432,2433,2434,2435,2436,2437,2438,2439,2440,2441,2442,2443,2444,2445,2446,2447,2448,2449,2450,2451,2452,2453,2454,2455,2456,2457,2458,2459,2460,2461,2462,2463,2464,2465,2466,2467,2468,2469],{"id":49,"depth":2392,"text":49},3,{"id":58,"depth":2392,"text":58},{"id":70,"depth":2392,"text":70},{"id":94,"depth":2392,"text":94},{"id":121,"depth":2392,"text":121},{"id":136,"depth":2392,"text":137},{"id":152,"depth":2392,"text":152},{"id":173,"depth":2392,"text":174},{"id":180,"depth":2392,"text":180},{"id":213,"depth":2392,"text":214},{"id":235,"depth":2392,"text":235},{"id":253,"depth":2392,"text":253},{"id":277,"depth":2392,"text":277},{"id":292,"depth":2392,"text":292},{"id":301,"depth":2392,"text":301},{"id":319,"depth":2392,"text":319},{"id":346,"depth":2392,"text":346},{"id":361,"depth":2392,"text":361},{"id":388,"depth":2392,"text":388},{"id":397,"depth":2392,"text":397},{"id":430,"depth":2392,"text":430},{"id":451,"depth":2392,"text":451},{"id":505,"depth":2392,"text":505},{"id":532,"depth":2392,"text":532},{"id":576,"depth":2392,"text":576},{"id":585,"depth":2392,"text":585},{"id":606,"depth":2392,"text":607},{"id":631,"depth":2392,"text":631},{"id":647,"depth":2392,"text":648},{"id":654,"depth":2392,"text":655},{"id":664,"depth":2392,"text":664},{"id":700,"depth":2392,"text":700},{"id":723,"depth":2392,"text":723},{"id":763,"depth":2392,"text":763},{"id":826,"depth":2392,"text":827},{"id":911,"depth":2392,"text":911},{"id":975,"depth":2392,"text":975},{"id":1040,"depth":2392,"text":1040},{"id":1085,"depth":2392,"text":1085},{"id":1115,"depth":2392,"text":1115},{"id":1127,"depth":2392,"text":1127},{"id":1173,"depth":2392,"text":1173},{"id":1209,"depth":2392,"text":1209},{"id":1252,"depth":2392,"text":1252},{"id":1291,"depth":2392,"text":1292},{"id":1356,"depth":2392,"text":1356},{"id":1371,"depth":2392,"text":1371},{"id":1400,"depth":2392,"text":1400},{"id":1471,"depth":2392,"text":1472},{"id":1488,"depth":2392,"text":1488},{"id":1512,"depth":2392,"text":1512},{"id":1541,"depth":2392,"text":1542},{"id":1607,"depth":2392,"text":1608},{"id":1643,"depth":2392,"text":1644},{"id":1657,"depth":2392,"text":1657},{"id":1674,"depth":2392,"text":1674},{"id":1705,"depth":2392,"text":1706},{"id":1753,"depth":2392,"text":1754},{"id":1766,"depth":2392,"text":1766},{"id":1807,"depth":2392,"text":1807},{"id":1835,"depth":2392,"text":1836},{"id":1861,"depth":2392,"text":1861},{"id":1877,"depth":2392,"text":1878},{"id":1912,"depth":2392,"text":1913},{"id":1931,"depth":2392,"text":1932},{"id":1964,"depth":2392,"text":1964},{"id":1978,"depth":2392,"text":1978},{"id":2014,"depth":2392,"text":2014},{"id":2030,"depth":2392,"text":2031},{"id":2073,"depth":2392,"text":2074},{"id":2117,"depth":2392,"text":2118},{"id":2149,"depth":2392,"text":2149},{"id":2175,"depth":2392,"text":2175},{"id":2215,"depth":2392,"text":2215},{"id":2249,"depth":2392,"text":2250},{"id":2291,"depth":2392,"text":2291},{"id":2326,"depth":2392,"text":2327},{"id":2355,"depth":2392,"text":2355},"访谈与文章",null,"巴菲特回顾从11岁开始投资的经历，分享其投资哲学受《聪明的投资者》三方面影响，强调评估企业价值的重要性。","md",{},true,135,"\u002Fbuffett\u002Finterview\u002Fba-fei-te-2021nian-cai-fang-wo-lun-ba-fei-te-de-tou-zi-ce-lue-ru-he-xiang-chuan-qi-yi-yang-sheng-huo-he-tou-zi-wan-zheng-fang-tan",{"title":5,"description":2472},"巴菲特：2021年采访《沃伦·巴菲特的投资策略：如何像传奇一样生活和投资（完整访谈）》｜巴菲特","ba-fei-te-2021nian-cai-fang-wo-lun-ba-fei-te-de-tou-zi-ce-lue-ru-he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有限合伙协议","1956-you-xian-he-huo-xie-yi","致股东信",1,{"title":2491,"slug":2492,"category":2470,"order":2489},"巴菲特：1951年最看好的股票：GEICO 保险","ba-fei-te-1951nian-zui-kan-hao-de-gu-piao-geico-bao-xian",{"title":2494,"slug":2495,"category":2496,"order":2489},"1994年伯克希尔股东大会","1994nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui","股东大会",{"title":2498,"slug":2499,"category":2488,"order":2387},"1957 巴菲特致合伙人信","1957-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",{"title":2501,"slug":2502,"category":2470,"order":2387},"巴菲特：1953年我最看好的股票：西部保险","ba-fei-te-1953nian-wo-zui-kan-hao-de-gu-piao-xi-bu-bao-xian",{"title":2504,"slug":2505,"category":2496,"order":2387},"1995年伯克希尔股东大会","1995nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":2507,"slug":2508,"category":2488,"order":2392},"1958 巴菲特致合伙人信","1958-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",{"title":2510,"slug":2511,"category":2470,"order":2392},"巴菲特：1957年我最看好的股票：人寿保险","ba-fei-te-1957nian-wo-zui-kan-hao-de-gu-piao-ren-shou-bao-xian",{"title":2513,"slug":2514,"category":2496,"order":2392},"1996年伯克希尔股东大会","1996nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":2516,"slug":2517,"category":2488,"order":2518},"1959 巴菲特致合伙人信","1959-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",4,{"title":2520,"slug":2521,"category":2470,"order":2518},"巴菲特：1957年最看好的股票：油气资产管理公司","ba-fei-te-1957nian-zui-kan-hao-de-gu-piao-you-qi-zi-chan-guan-li-gong-si",{"title":2523,"slug":2524,"category":2496,"order":2518},"1997年伯克希尔股东大会","1997nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":2526,"slug":2527,"category":2488,"order":2528},"1960 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巴菲特致合伙人信","1969nian-10yue-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",36,{"title":2834,"slug":2835,"category":2470,"order":2832},"巴菲特：2001年保险业的FDIC","ba-fei-te-2001nian-bao-xian-ye-de-fdic",{"title":2837,"slug":2838,"category":2488,"order":2839},"1969年12月 巴菲特致合伙人信","1969nian-12yue-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",37,{"title":2841,"slug":2842,"category":2470,"order":2839},"巴菲特：2001年对话内大商学院","ba-fei-te-2001nian-dui-hua-nei-da-shang-xue-yuan",{"title":2844,"slug":2845,"category":2488,"order":2846},"1969年12月26日 巴菲特致合伙人信","1969nian-12yue-26ri-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",38,{"title":2848,"slug":2849,"category":2470,"order":2846},"巴菲特：2001年巴菲特谈股市","ba-fei-te-2001nian-ba-fei-te-tan-gu-shi",{"title":2851,"slug":2852,"category":2488,"order":2853},"1969年5月 巴菲特致合伙人信","1969nian-5yue-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",39,{"title":2855,"slug":2856,"category":2470,"order":2853},"巴菲特：2001年给全体经理人备忘录","ba-fei-te-2001nian-gei-quan-ti-jing-li-ren-bei-wang-lu",{"title":2858,"slug":2859,"category":2488,"order":2860},"1970 巴菲特致股东信","1970-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",40,{"title":2862,"slug":2863,"category":2470,"order":2860},"巴菲特：2002年哥大商学院演讲","ba-fei-te-2002nian-ge-da-shang-xue-yuan-yan-jiang",{"title":2865,"slug":2866,"category":2488,"order":2867},"1970年2月 巴菲特致合伙人信","1970nian-2yue-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",41,{"title":2869,"slug":2870,"category":2470,"order":2867},"巴菲特：2002年股票期权与常识","ba-fei-te-2002nian-gu-piao-qi-quan-yu-chang-shi",{"title":2872,"slug":2873,"category":2488,"order":2874},"1971 巴菲特致股东信","1971-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",42,{"title":2876,"slug":2877,"category":2470,"order":2874},"巴菲特：2002年谁是真正的账房先生","ba-fei-te-2002nian-shui-shi-zhen-zheng-de-zhang-fang-xian-sheng",{"title":2879,"slug":2880,"category":2488,"order":2881},"1972 巴菲特致股东信","1972-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",43,{"title":2883,"slug":2884,"category":2470,"order":2881},"巴菲特：2003年《美国正滑向贸易赤字的危险边缘》","ba-fei-te-2003nian-mei-guo-zheng-hua-xiang-mao-yi-chi-zi-de-wei-xian-bian-yuan",{"title":2886,"slug":2887,"category":2488,"order":2888},"1973 巴菲特致股东信","1973-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",44,{"title":2890,"slug":2891,"category":2470,"order":2888},"巴菲特：2003年内布拉斯加大学 林肯分校--领导力课程演讲","ba-fei-te-2003nian-nei-bu-la-si-jia-da-xue-lin-ken-fen-xiao-ling-dao-li-ke-cheng-yan-jiang",{"title":2893,"slug":2894,"category":2488,"order":2895},"1974 巴菲特致股东信","1974-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",45,{"title":2897,"slug":2898,"category":2470,"order":2895},"巴菲特：2003年对话沃顿商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2003nian-dui-hua-wo-dun-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":2900,"slug":2901,"category":2488,"order":2902},"1975 巴菲特致股东信","1975-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",46,{"title":2904,"slug":2905,"category":2470,"order":2902},"巴菲特：2003年对话田纳西大学学生","ba-fei-te-2003nian-dui-hua-tian-na-xi-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":2907,"slug":2908,"category":2488,"order":2909},"1976 巴菲特致股东信","1976-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",47,{"title":2911,"slug":2912,"category":2470,"order":2909},"巴菲特：2003年我为什么不看好美元","ba-fei-te-2003nian-wo-wei-shi-me-bu-kan-hao-mei-yuan",{"title":2914,"slug":2915,"category":2488,"order":2916},"1977 巴菲特致股东信","1977-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",48,{"title":2918,"slug":2919,"category":2470,"order":2916},"巴菲特：2003年沃伦在担心什么","ba-fei-te-2003nian-wo-lun-zai-dan-xin-shi-me",{"title":2921,"slug":2922,"category":2488,"order":2923},"1978 巴菲特致股东信","1978-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",49,{"title":2925,"slug":2926,"category":2470,"order":2923},"巴菲特：2003年股息巫术","ba-fei-te-2003nian-gu-xi-wu-shu",{"title":2928,"slug":2929,"category":2488,"order":2930},"1979 巴菲特致股东信","1979-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",50,{"title":2932,"slug":2933,"category":2470,"order":2930},"2004年：《巴菲特：2004年与塔克商学院学生对谈》","ba-fei-te-2004nian-yu-ta-ke-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng-dui-tan",{"title":2935,"slug":2936,"category":2488,"order":2937},"1980 巴菲特致股东信","1980-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",51,{"title":2939,"slug":2940,"category":2470,"order":2937},"巴菲特：2004年专访苏珊·巴菲特","ba-fei-te-2004nian-zhuan-fang-su-shan-ba-fei-te",{"title":2942,"slug":2943,"category":2488,"order":2944},"1981 巴菲特致股东信","1981-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",52,{"title":2946,"slug":2947,"category":2470,"order":2944},"巴菲特：2004年对话奥奎尔俱乐部","ba-fei-te-2004nian-dui-hua-ao-kui-er-ju-le-bu",{"title":2949,"slug":2950,"category":2488,"order":2951},"1982 巴菲特致股东信","1982-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",53,{"title":2953,"slug":2954,"category":2470,"order":2951},"巴菲特：2004年对话沃顿商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2004nian-dui-hua-wo-dun-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":2956,"slug":2957,"category":2488,"order":2958},"1983 巴菲特致股东信","1983-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",54,{"title":2960,"slug":2961,"category":2470,"order":2958},"巴菲特：2004年模糊数学与股票期权","ba-fei-te-2004nian-mo-hu-shu-xue-yu-gu-piao-qi-quan",{"title":2963,"slug":2964,"category":2488,"order":2965},"1984 巴菲特致股东信","1984-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",55,{"title":2967,"slug":2968,"category":2470,"order":2965},"与沃伦·巴菲特的问答纪要 2005年","ba-fei-te-2005nian-jia-zhou-da-xue-luo-shan-ji-fen-xiao-an-de-sen-guan-li-xue-yuan-nan-jia-zhou-da-xue-ma-xie-er-shang-xue-yuan-wen-da-ji-yao",{"title":2970,"slug":2971,"category":2488,"order":2972},"1985 巴菲特致股东信","1985-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",56,{"title":2974,"slug":2975,"category":2470,"order":2972},"2005年：《巴菲特：2005年与塔克商学院学生对谈》","ba-fei-te-2005nian-yu-ta-ke-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng-dui-tan",{"title":2977,"slug":2978,"category":2488,"order":2979},"1986 巴菲特致股东信","1986-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",57,{"title":2981,"slug":2982,"category":2470,"order":2979},"巴菲特：2005年回忆进入证券行业","ba-fei-te-2005nian-hui-yi-jin-ru-zheng-quan-xing-ye",{"title":2984,"slug":2985,"category":2488,"order":2986},"1987 巴菲特致股东信","1987-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",58,{"title":2988,"slug":2989,"category":2470,"order":2986},"巴菲特：2005年对话内布拉斯加大学学生","ba-fei-te-2005nian-dui-hua-nei-bu-la-si-jia-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":2991,"slug":2992,"category":2488,"order":2993},"1988 巴菲特致股东信","1988-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",59,{"title":2995,"slug":2996,"category":2470,"order":2993},"巴菲特：2005年对话堪萨斯大学学生","ba-fei-te-2005nian-dui-hua-kan-sa-si-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":2998,"slug":2999,"category":2488,"order":3000},"1989 巴菲特致股东信","1989-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",60,{"title":3002,"slug":3003,"category":2470,"order":3000},"巴菲特：2005年对话范德比尔特大学学生","ba-fei-te-2005nian-dui-hua-fan-de-bi-er-te-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":3005,"slug":3006,"category":2488,"order":3007},"1990 巴菲特致股东信","1990-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",61,{"title":3009,"slug":3010,"category":2470,"order":3007},"巴菲特：2006年与沃顿商学院学生问答","ba-fei-te-2006nian-yu-wo-dun-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng-wen-da",{"title":3012,"slug":3013,"category":2488,"order":3014},"1991 巴菲特致股东信","1991-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",62,{"title":3016,"slug":3017,"category":2470,"order":3014},"巴菲特：2006年巴菲特慈善捐赠专访","ba-fei-te-2006nian-ba-fei-te-ci-shan-juan-zeng-zhuan-fang",{"title":3019,"slug":3020,"category":2488,"order":3021},"1992 巴菲特致股东信","1992-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",63,{"title":3023,"slug":3024,"category":2470,"order":3021},"巴菲特：2006年慈善捐赠承诺","ba-fei-te-2006nian-ci-shan-juan-zeng-cheng-nuo",{"title":3026,"slug":3027,"category":2488,"order":3028},"1993 巴菲特致股东信","1993-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",64,{"title":3030,"slug":3031,"category":2470,"order":3028},"巴菲特：2006年我为什么慷慨解囊","ba-fei-te-2006nian-wo-wei-shi-me-kang-kai-jie-nang",{"title":3033,"slug":3034,"category":2488,"order":3035},"1994 巴菲特致股东信","1994-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",65,{"title":3037,"slug":3038,"category":2470,"order":3035},"巴菲特：2006年给全体经理人备忘录","ba-fei-te-2006nian-gei-quan-ti-jing-li-ren-bei-wang-lu",{"title":3040,"slug":3041,"category":2488,"order":3042},"1995 巴菲特致股东信","1995-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",66,{"title":3044,"slug":3045,"category":2470,"order":3042},"巴菲特：2007年11月和比尔·盖茨、大学生对话实录（节目《富豪面对面》）","ba-fei-te-2007nian-11yue-he-bi-er-gai-ci-da-xue-sheng-dui-hua-shi-lu-jie-mu-fu-hao-mian-dui-mian",{"title":3047,"slug":3048,"category":2488,"order":3049},"1996 巴菲特致股东信","1996-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",67,{"title":3051,"slug":3052,"category":2470,"order":3049},"巴菲特：2007年对话佐治亚大学学生","ba-fei-te-2007nian-dui-hua-zuo-zhi-ya-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":3054,"slug":3055,"category":2488,"order":3056},"1997 巴菲特致股东信","1997-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",68,{"title":3058,"slug":3059,"category":2470,"order":3056},"巴菲特：2007年巴菲特接见Dardashti","ba-fei-te-2007nian-ba-fei-te-jie-jian-dardashti",{"title":3061,"slug":3062,"category":2488,"order":3063},"1998 巴菲特致股东信","1998-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",69,{"title":3065,"slug":3066,"category":2470,"order":3063},"巴菲特：2007年接受央视专访","ba-fei-te-2007nian-jie-shou-yang-shi-zhuan-fang",{"title":3068,"slug":3069,"category":2488,"order":3070},"1999 巴菲特致股东信","1999-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",70,{"title":3072,"slug":3073,"category":2470,"order":3070},"巴菲特：2007年接受欧洲MBA学生专访（珍贵精彩实录）","ba-fei-te-2007nian-jie-shou-ou-zhou-mbaxue-sheng-zhuan-fang-zhen-gui-jing-cai-shi-lu",{"title":3075,"slug":3076,"category":2488,"order":3077},"2000 巴菲特致股东信","2000-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",71,{"title":3079,"slug":3080,"category":2470,"order":3077},"巴菲特：2007年查理罗斯专访","ba-fei-te-2007nian-cha-li-luo-si-zhuan-fang",{"title":3082,"slug":3083,"category":2488,"order":3084},"2001 巴菲特致股东信","2001-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",72,{"title":3086,"slug":3087,"category":2470,"order":3084},"巴菲特：2008年21 世纪经济领导者采访","ba-fei-te-2008nian-21-shi-ji-jing-ji-ling-dao-zhe-cai-fang",{"title":3089,"slug":3090,"category":2488,"order":3091},"2002 巴菲特致股东信","2002-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",73,{"title":3093,"slug":3094,"category":2470,"order":3091},"巴菲特：2008年买入美国正当时","ba-fei-te-2008nian-mai-ru-mei-guo-zheng-dang-shi",{"title":3096,"slug":3097,"category":2488,"order":3098},"2003 巴菲特致股东信","2003-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",74,{"title":3100,"slug":3101,"category":2470,"order":3098},"巴菲特：2008年对话IVEY 商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2008nian-dui-hua-ivey-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":3103,"slug":3104,"category":2488,"order":3105},"2004 巴菲特致股东信","2004-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",75,{"title":3107,"slug":3108,"category":2470,"order":3105},"巴菲特：2008年对话商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2008nian-dui-hua-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":3110,"slug":3111,"category":2488,"order":3112},"2005 巴菲特致股东信","2005-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",76,{"title":3114,"slug":3115,"category":2470,"order":3112},"巴菲特：2008年对话瑞士洛桑国际管理学院","ba-fei-te-2008nian-dui-hua-rui-shi-luo-sang-guo-ji-guan-li-xue-yuan",{"title":3117,"slug":3118,"category":2488,"order":3119},"2006 巴菲特致股东信","2006-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",77,{"title":3121,"slug":3122,"category":2470,"order":3119},"巴菲特：2008年怀念恩师格雷厄姆","ba-fei-te-2008nian-huai-nian-en-shi-ge-lei-e-mu",{"title":3124,"slug":3125,"category":2488,"order":3126},"2007 巴菲特致股东信","2007-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",78,{"title":3128,"slug":3129,"category":2470,"order":3126},"巴菲特：2008年给保尔森的信","ba-fei-te-2008nian-gei-bao-er-sen-de-xin",{"title":3131,"slug":3132,"category":2488,"order":3133},"2008 巴菲特致股东信","2008-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",79,{"title":3135,"slug":3136,"category":2470,"order":3133},"巴菲特：2008年解析经济危机","ba-fei-te-2008nian-jie-xi-jing-ji-wei-ji",{"title":3138,"slug":3139,"category":2488,"order":3140},"2009 巴菲特致股东信","2009-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",80,{"title":3142,"slug":3143,"category":2470,"order":3140},"巴菲特：2008年财富杂志：沃伦之思","ba-fei-te-2008nian-cai-fu-za-zhi-wo-lun-zhi-si",{"title":3145,"slug":3146,"category":2488,"order":3147},"2010 巴菲特致股东信","2010-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",81,{"title":3149,"slug":3150,"category":2470,"order":3147},"巴菲特：2009年CNBC 专访","ba-fei-te-2009nian-cnbc-zhuan-fang",{"title":3152,"slug":3153,"category":2488,"order":3154},"2011 巴菲特致股东信","2011-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",82,{"title":3156,"slug":3157,"category":2470,"order":3154},"巴菲特：2009年对话六所商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2009nian-dui-hua-liu-suo-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":3159,"slug":3160,"category":2488,"order":3161},"2012 巴菲特致股东信","2012-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",83,{"title":3163,"slug":3164,"category":2470,"order":3161},"巴菲特：2009年对话哥大商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2009nian-dui-hua-ge-da-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":3166,"slug":3167,"category":2488,"order":3168},"2013 巴菲特致股东信","2013-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",84,{"title":3170,"slug":3171,"category":2470,"order":3168},"巴菲特：2009年恐慌是会传染的，我们必须做点什么","ba-fei-te-2009nian-kong-huang-shi-hui-chuan-ran-de-wo-men-bi-xu-zuo-dian-shi-me",{"title":3173,"slug":3174,"category":2488,"order":3175},"2014 伯克希尔的过去现在与未来","2014-bo-ke-xi-er-de-guo-qu-xian-zai-yu-wei-lai",85,{"title":3177,"slug":3178,"category":2470,"order":3175},"巴菲特：2009年收购BNSF 铁路","ba-fei-te-2009nian-shou-gou-bnsf-tie-lu",{"title":3180,"slug":3181,"category":2488,"order":3182},"2014 副董事长的思考","2014-fu-dong-shi-chang-de-si-kao",86,{"title":3184,"slug":3185,"category":2470,"order":3182},"巴菲特：2009年美元效应","ba-fei-te-2009nian-mei-yuan-xiao-ying",{"title":3187,"slug":3188,"category":2488,"order":3189},"2014 巴菲特致股东信","2014-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",87,{"title":3191,"slug":3192,"category":2470,"order":3189},"教学方法期刊","ba-fei-te-2009nian-a-ke-lun-da-xue-shang-xue-yuan-wen-da-shi-lu",{"title":3194,"slug":3195,"category":2488,"order":3196},"2015 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